The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Category: Software

General-purpose computers doing something specific

  • Naming Is Hard

    A recent update to the X Windowing System (or whatever it’s called) once again changed the names of its monitors / displays / output devices, so that my startup script no longer confined the tablet to the landscape display.

    In mostly reverse chronological order, here are various commands I’ve puzzled out:

    #xsetwacom --verbose set "HUION Huion Tablet stylus" MapToOutput "DP1-8"
    xsetwacom --verbose set "HUION Huion Tablet stylus" MapToOutput "DP-1-8"
    #xsetwacom --verbose set "HUION Huion Tablet Pen stylus" MapToOutput "DP-1"
    #xsetwacom --verbose set "Wacom Graphire3 6x8 Pen stylus" MapToOutput "DP-1"
    #xsetwacom --verbose set "Wacom Graphire3 6x8 Pen stylus" MapToOutput "HEAD-0"
    #xsetwacom --verbose set "Wacom Graphire3 6x8 Pen eraser" MapToOutput "DP-1"
    #xsetwacom --verbose set "Wacom Graphire3 6x8 Pen eraser" MapToOutput "HEAD-0"
    

    Over the last two years, the display name changed from DP-1 to DP-1-8 to DP1-8, and back to DP-1-8. I grew accustomed to this with the Wacom tablet (HEAD-0‽)and now know where to look, but I still have no idea of the motivation.

    Aaaand the tablet’s stylus name? The Wacom names were stable, but the Huion names apparently come from the Department of Redundancy Department.

  • Arduino MEGA Debugging LEDs

    Arduino MEGA Debugging LEDs

    Kibitzing on a project involving an Arduino Mega (properly MEGA, but who cares?) with plenty of spare I/O pins led me to slap together a block of LEDs:

    Arduino Mega Debugging LEDs
    Arduino Mega Debugging LEDs

    The excessive lead length on the 330 Ω resistors will eventually anchor scope probes syncing on / timing interesting program events.

    Not that you have any, but they’re antique HP HDSP-4836 tuning indicators: RRYYGGYYRR. If you were being fussy, you might use 270 Ω resistors on the yellow LEDs to brighten them up.

    A simple test program exercises the LEDs:

    /*
      Debugging LED outputs for Mega board
      Ed Nisley - KE4ZNU
      Plug the board into the Digital Header pins 34-52 and GND 
    */
    
    byte LowLED = 34;
    byte HighLED = 52;
    byte ThisLED = LowLED;
    
    //-----
    void setup() {
      pinMode(LED_BUILTIN,OUTPUT);
      
      for (byte p = LowLED; p <= HighLED; p+=2)
        pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
    
    //  Serial.begin(9600);
    }
    
    // -----
    void loop() {
      digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN,HIGH);
      
      digitalWrite(ThisLED, HIGH);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(ThisLED, LOW);
     // delay(500);
    
      ThisLED = (ThisLED < HighLED) ? (ThisLED + 2) : LowLED;
    
    //  Serial.println(ThisLED);
    
      digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN,LOW);
    }
    
    

    Nothing fancy, but it ought to come in handy at some point.

  • Google Play Store Ad Bidding Delay

    Google Play Store Ad Bidding Delay

    Being that type of guy, I turn my phone off during the night while it’s charging, turn it on for the next day’s adventures, and check the Google Play App Store to see which apps will get updates.

    The vast machine learning / AI / whatever analyzing my every move still hasn’t figured out my morning ritual, so it desperately tries to sell me crap:

    Google Play Store - app ad delay
    Google Play Store – app ad delay

    My guess: those blank spots are placeholders for app ads, but, while the phone is busy scanning for malicious apps, the ad bidding process doesn’t complete fast enough to update the display before I see it.

    FWIW, I had the Genuine NYS Covid-19 app installed for a while, but I very rarely go anywhere or see anybody, so it seemed to offer no net benefit.

  • Bafang BBS02: Improved Motor Reaction Spacer

    Bafang BBS02: Improved Motor Reaction Spacer

    The original BBS02 reaction spacer for Gee’s Terry Symmetry didn’t work quite the way I expected:

    Bafang BBS02 - reaction block displacement
    Bafang BBS02 – reaction block displacement

    The motor evidently vibrates enough to propel the block forward, shearing the double-sticky foam tape which was never intended to resist force in that plane. I thought the block was located at the point where the motor casing was tangent to the frame tube, so as to equalize the forces in both directions, but … nope.

    A revised design based on measurements informed by new knowledge:

    Terry - Bafang motor spacer - improved - solid model
    Terry – Bafang motor spacer – improved – solid model

    The upper curve is now symmetric and the whole block mounts more rearward under the bottom bracket lug, where some tedious work with a machinists square located the real tangent point:

    Bafang BBS02 - reaction block improvement
    Bafang BBS02 – reaction block improvement

    The motor sure doesn’t look like it’s tangent, but a dry fit showed all the curves laid against the case and tubes.

    The brazing fillet means the step fitting the downtube can’t sit snug against the edge of the lug, but most of the reaction force should go through the section into the lug, near the center of the block.

    A crude marker will keep track of any motion:

    Bafang BBS02 - reaction block marker
    Bafang BBS02 – reaction block marker

    I think the symmetric curve against the motor has enough projection to keep the block from wandering off, even if I haven’t gotten the location exactly right.

    Stipulated: Hope is not a strategy.

    The OpenSCAD source code:

    MotorOD = 111;              // motor frame dia
    MotorOffset = 10.0;         // motor OD tangent wrt lug edge
    ShiftSpace = 6.0;           // motor to frame space
    
    LugLength = 25.0;           // length of section over BB lug
    
    Spacer = [5.0 + LugLength,DownTube[ID]/2,4*ShiftSpace];
    SpaceAngle = 0*atan(1.8/Spacer.x);            // tilt due to non-right-angle meeting
    echo(str("Spacer angle: ",SpaceAngle));
    
    module MotorSpacer() {
    
        difference() {
            translate([LugLength - Spacer.x/2,0,0])
               cube(Spacer,center=true);
            translate([0,0,DownTube[ID]/2])
                rotate([0,90 + SpaceAngle,0]) rotate(180/FrameSides)
                    cylinder(d=DownTube[ID],h=DownTube[LENGTH],$fn=FrameSides,center=true);
            translate([DownTube[LENGTH]/2,0,DownTube[ID]/2 - DownTube[LENGTH]*sin(SpaceAngle)/2])       // concentric with ID
                rotate([0,90 + SpaceAngle,0]) rotate(180/FrameSides)
                    cylinder(d=DownTube[OD],h=DownTube[LENGTH],$fn=FrameSides,center=true);
            translate([MotorOffset,0,-(MotorOD/2 + ShiftSpace)])
                rotate([90,0,0]) rotate(180/48)
                    cylinder(d=MotorOD,h=2*Spacer.y,$fn=48,center=true);
        }
    
    }
    

    Nothing like actual riding to reveal what needs more thought!

  • Tour Easy: Amber Running Light

    Tour Easy: Amber Running Light

    Having seen a few bikes with amber “headlights” and being desirous of reducing the number of batteries on Mary’s bike, this seems like an obvious first step:

    Fairing Mounted Side Marker - First Light
    Fairing Mounted Side Marker – First Light

    It descends from the fairing flashlight mount with an entry to suit a 15 mm truck side marker body:

    LightBodies = [
      ["AnkerLC90",26.6,48.0],
      ["AnkerLC40",26.6,55.0],
      ["J5TactV2",25.0,30.0],
      ["InnovaX5",22.0,55.0],
      ["Sidemarker",15.0,20.0],
      ["Laser",10.0,30.0],
    ];
    

    The rest of the code gets a few cleanups you’d expect when you compile code untouched for a few years using the latest OpenSCAD.

    The markers are allegedly DOT rated, which matters not for my use case: SAEP2PCDOT.

    The mount is grossly overqualified for a wide-beam light with little need for aiming:

    Fairing Mounted Side Marker - test light
    Fairing Mounted Side Marker – test light

    Eventually, the marker should slip into a prealigned cylindrical holder, with a dab of epoxy to keep it there.

    The lights are a buck apiece, so there’s no reason to form a deep emotional attachment. They are the usual poorly molded and badly assembled crap, although the next step up from a nominally reputable supplier is a factor of five more expensive.

    It’s generated for the left side of the fairing, although I think having a pair of them would improve conspicuity:

    Fairing Mounted Side Marker - installed
    Fairing Mounted Side Marker – installed

    Being automotive, it runs from a 12 V supply, which comes from a boost converter driven by the Bafang 6 V headlight output. The absurdity of bucking a 48 V lithium battery to a 6V switched headlight output, then boosting it to 12 V to drive a single amber LED with a 1.5 V forward drop does not escape me.

    It’s possible to slice the lens off (using a lathe), remove / replace the resistor, then glue it back together, which would be worthwhile if you were intending to drive it from, say, an Arduino-ish microcontroller to get a unique blink pattern.

    Given the overall lack of build quality, it might make more sense to slap a condenser lens in front of a Piranha LED.

    Bonus: contrary to what you (well, I) might expect, the black lead is positive and the white lead is negative.

  • Bafang BBS02: Motor Reaction Spacer

    Bafang BBS02: Motor Reaction Spacer

    The Terry Symmetry’s rear shift cable passes along the side of the downtube and through a plastic guide channel under the bottom bracket shell. The Bafang BBS02 motor must press against the bottom of the downtube, so the shift cable rubs against the top of the motor.

    The solution is a small block shaped around the point of contact to cradle the downtube, the bottom bracket shell lug, and the motor case:

    Terry - Bafang motor spacer - solid model
    Terry – Bafang motor spacer – solid model

    A strip of double-sided foam tape holds the block to the motor and the reaction force from the motor’s torque presses the block against the downtube:

    Terry Bafang - motor reaction block
    Terry Bafang – motor reaction block

    Seen from the other side, looking parallel to the shift cable, you can see the tight clearance:

    Terry Bafang - shift cable clearance
    Terry Bafang – shift cable clearance

    The block holds the motor 8 mm from the downtube, just enough to give the cable some breathing room.

    The block is slightly taller on its front end, because the motor doesn’t meet the downtube at a right angle:

    Terry - Bafang motor spacer - tube angle - solid model
    Terry – Bafang motor spacer – tube angle – solid model

    I determined the proper angle by taping waxed paper to the top of the motor, sticking a trial (non-angled) block to the downtube, coating its bottom surface with hot-melt glue, then squishing the motor against the block. The cooled glue was flush with the block on the rear and 1.8 mm thick on the front, a 5° angle over the 20 mm block.

    Definitely easier than correctly figuring the geometry from first principles: tweak the model to include the measured thickness, compute the angle, tilt the tube, and print another block that fits like it grew there.

    With the block in place and the motor held against the downtube, tighten the retaining nut against the “fixing plate” by giving it a few gentle whacks with a hammer, then tighten the jam nut.

    The OpenSCAD source code snippet:

    // Motor Reaction Block
    // Holds motor away from downtube enough to miss rear shift wire
    
    MotorOD = 111;              // motor frame dia
    MotorMountRad = 85;         // BB spindle center to motor center
    Space = 8.0;                // motor to frame space
    
    Spacer = [20.0,DownTube[ID]/2,4*Space];
    SpaceAngle = atan(1.8/Spacer.x);            // tilt due to non-right-angle meeting
    echo(str("Spacer angle: ",SpaceAngle));
    
    module MotorSpacer() {
    
        difference() {
            cube(Spacer,center=true);
            translate([0,0,DownTube[ID]/2])
                rotate([0,90 + SpaceAngle,0]) rotate(180/FrameSides)
                    cylinder(d=DownTube[ID],h=DownTube[LENGTH],$fn=FrameSides,center=true);
            translate([DownTube[LENGTH]/2,0,DownTube[ID]/2 - DownTube[LENGTH]*sin(SpaceAngle)/2])       // concentric with ID
                rotate([0,90 + SpaceAngle,0]) rotate(180/FrameSides)
                    cylinder(d=DownTube[OD],h=DownTube[LENGTH],$fn=FrameSides,center=true);
            translate([0,0,-(MotorOD/2 + Space)])
                rotate([90,0,0]) rotate(180/48)
                    cylinder(d=MotorOD,h=2*Spacer.y,$fn=48,center=true);
        }
    
    }
    

    Mary’s Tour Easy didn’t need this block, because all the cables run elsewhere, but I did capture a piece of closed-cell foam between its vestigial downtube and the motor to prevent chafing.

  • Bafang BBS02: Terry Symmetry Battery Mount

    Bafang BBS02: Terry Symmetry Battery Mount

    The Bafang 48 V 11.6 A·h battery for Gee’s Terry Symmetry mounts on the downtube:

    Bafang BBS02 - Terry Symmetry full assembly
    Bafang BBS02 – Terry Symmetry full assembly

    The battery slides onto a plate screwed to the pair of water bottle studs brazed to the tube:

    Terry Bafang battery mount plate - test install
    Terry Bafang battery mount plate – test install

    Water bottle studs are (nominally) 65 mm on center. One stud normally appears under the plate’s center hole, with the other stud under either the upper or lower slot, depending on whether the battery fits better mounted lower or higher on the downtube.

    However, the Symmetry’s downtube is so short the plate must mount with the lowest slot matching the uppermost stud, putting the lower stud beneath the metal compartment with its complete lack of mounting holes.

    Well, I can fix that:

    Terry Bafang battery mount - internal modifications
    Terry Bafang battery mount – internal modifications

    The upper hole in the metal base is 65 mm from the middle of the lower slot in the plastic baseplate, which will be (approximately) centered on the upper stud inside the black plastic mount. The location of that hole is not a free variable: it requires measuring and marking from the slot with the battery plate assembled.

    The lower hole in the base puts the bottom of its plastic mount just about even with the end of the plate.

    I shortened the battery side of the cable, crimped on (genuine!) 45 A Powerpole pins, and shaped the wiring to put the connector inside the metal compartment, out of harm’s way, and shielded from the weather.

    The small bar of white HDPE serves as a cable clamp, held by a pair of M3 BHCS in the conveniently tapped holes.

    With all that settled, the final iteration of the 3D printed mounting blocks took shape:

    Terry - Bafang battery - all stations - solid model
    Terry – Bafang battery – all stations – solid model

    A station number from 1 through 4 identifies the blocks (station 0 is the blank block shape) and, of course, they’re all different. I refactored the OpenSCAD code used for Mary’s Tour Easy to put the feature selection into vectors, rather than convoluted logic:

    Latches = [false,true,true,false,false];                // clearance for battery latch clips
    Notch = [false,true,true,false,false];                  // notch for battery screw pockets
    Recess = ["None","TeeNut","Bottle","Bottle","TeeNut"];  // stud or nut clearance against frame
    
    HarnessCable = [false,true,true,true,true];             // passage for main harness cable
    
    ShiftWire = [false,true,true,true,true];                //  .. shifter wire through sensor
    Ferrules = ["None","Both","Front","None","Back"];       // ferrule and bushing ssockets
    
    GearCable = [false,false,true,true,true];               //  .. gear sensor cable
    
    

    Producing the features for a specific block is now a straightforward series of obvious choices. For example, adding the channels to clear the battery latches at stations 1 and 2 looks like this:

            if (Latches[BlkNum])
                for (i=[-1,1])
                    translate([0,i*LatchOC/2,BlockMaxZ - LatchThick/2 + Protrusion])
                        cube([BossSlotOAL,LatchWidth,LatchThick + Protrusion],center=true);
    
    

    Both parts of the block show the station number to avoid mixups:

    Terry - Bafang battery - station 2 - solid model
    Terry – Bafang battery – station 2 – solid model

    Each block requires a bit under three hours of printing time, so they’re produced singly:

    Terry - Bafang battery - station 2 build - solid model
    Terry – Bafang battery – station 2 build – solid model

    Building them sideways produces the best surface finish in all the recesses and holes. Small support structures under the rounded corners make them look Good Enough™ for their purpose.

    A test assembly:

    Terry Bafang battery mount - trial installation
    Terry Bafang battery mount – trial installation

    The two middle blocks (stations 3 and 2) sit at the water bottle studs. The rightmost block (station 1) is 130 mm from station 2, with the Bafang gear sensor on the rear derailleur cable.

    An aluminum plate spreads the clamping force from the M4 screws across the bottom, as seen here below the cable stop cap holding the harness cable:

    Terry Bafang - shift stop cap
    Terry Bafang – shift stop cap

    Those 50 mm screws are too long; a soon-to-arrive bag of 45 mm screws should fit perfectly. The final assembly will use nyloc nuts so they won’t vibrate loose.

    The OpenSCAD source code for all the pieces as a GitHub Gist:

    // Terry Symmetry – Bafang e-bike conversion
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU 2021-06
    Layout = "BuildClip"; // [Frame,Block,AllBlocks,BuildBlock,DispMount,BrakeMagnet,ShiftCap,BuildShiftCap,Case,NutMold,HeadClip, BuildClip]
    Station = 4; // [0:4]
    Support = false;
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    /* [Hidden] */
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
    inch = 25.4;
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    ID = 0;
    OD = 1;
    LENGTH = 2;
    //———-
    // Dimensions
    // Bike frame lies along X axis, rear to +X
    FrameTube = [400,28.9 + HoleWindage,28.9 + HoleWindage]; // X = longer than anything else
    FrameSides = 24;
    SpeedOD = 3.5; // speed sensor cable
    PowerOD = 6.7; // power cable
    Harness = [6.0,13.0,30.0]; // main motor-to-handlebar cable
    GearOD = 3.0; // gear sensor cable
    HandlebarMax = 1*inch; // middle handlebar diameter
    HandlebarMin = 24.0; // .. tape section
    HeadTube = [32.0,35.0,8.0]; // ID=tube OD=lug LENGTH=clear between lugs
    BottleStud = [5.0,10.0,IntegerMultiple(1.2,ThreadThick)]; // frame fitting for bottle screws
    BafangClampID = 22.3; // their handlebar clamp diameter
    ShiftOD = 2.0; // rear shifter cable
    ShiftFerrule = [ShiftOD,6.0,10.0];
    ShiftOffset = 7.5; // .. from downtube
    ShiftAngle = -20; // .. from midline
    BatteryBoss = [5.5,16.0,2.5]; // battery mount boss, center boss is round
    BossSlotOAL = 32.0; // .. end bosses are elongated
    BossOC = 65.0; // .. along length of mount
    LatchWidth = 10.0; // battery latches to mount plate
    LatchThick = 1.5;
    LatchOC = 56.0;
    // Per-block features
    // first element is unadorned block
    Latches = [false,true,true,false,false]; // clearance for battery latch clips
    Notch = [false,true,true,false,false]; // notch for battery screw pockets
    Recess = ["None","TeeNut","Bottle","Bottle","TeeNut"]; // stud or nut clearance against frame
    HarnessCable = [false,true,true,true,true]; // passage for main harness cable
    ShiftWire = [false,true,true,true,true]; // .. shifter wire through sensor
    Ferrules = ["None","Both","Front","None","Back"]; // ferrule and bushing ssockets
    GearCable = [false,false,true,true,true]; // .. gear sensor cable
    // M3 SHCS nyloc nut
    Screw3 = [3.0,5.5,35.0]; // OD, LENGTH = head
    Washer3 = [3.7,7.0,0.7];
    Nut3 = [3.0,6.0,4.0];
    // M4 SHCS nyloc nut
    Screw4 = [4.0,7.0,4.0]; // OD, LENGTH = head
    Washer4 = [4.2,8.9,1.0];
    Nut4 = [4.0,7.8,5.0];
    // M5 SHCS nyloc nut
    Screw5 = [5.0,8.5,5.0]; // OD, LENGTH = head
    Washer5 = [5.5,10.1,1.0];
    Nut5 = [5.0,9.0,5.0];
    Teenut5 = [6.5,17.0,8.0,2.0]; // OD, LENGTH+1 = flange
    // 10-32 Philips nyloc nut
    Screw10 = [5.2,9.8,3.6]; // OD, LENGTH = head
    Washer10 = [5.5,11.0,1.0];
    Nut10 = [5.2,10.7,6.2];
    CableTie = [150,5.0,2.0];
    WallThick = 4.0; // thinnest wall
    BlockMinZ = -(FrameTube.z/2 + WallThick);
    BlockMaxZ = FrameTube.z/2 + max(WallThick,Teenut5[LENGTH]) + BatteryBoss[LENGTH];
    Block = [25.0,78.0,BlockMaxZ – BlockMinZ]; // Y = battery width
    echo(str("Block: ",Block));
    Kerf = 0.5; // cut through middle to apply compression
    CornerRadius = 5.0;
    EmbossDepth = 2*ThreadThick; // lettering depth
    //———————-
    // Useful routines
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    cylinder(d=(FixDia + HoleWindage),h=Height,$fn=Sides);
    }
    // frame downtube
    module Frame() {
    rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(180/FrameSides)
    cylinder(d=FrameTube.z,h=FrameTube.x,center=true,$fn=FrameSides);
    }
    // clamp overall shape
    module ClampBlock(BlkNum = 1) {
    Screw = Screw4;
    Washer = Washer4;
    Nut = Nut4;
    ScrewOC = LatchOC;
    ScrewSides = 8;
    ScrewOrient = 180/ScrewSides;
    ScrewRecess = LatchThick + Screw[LENGTH] + Washer[LENGTH] + 1.0;
    echo(str("Screw length: ",Block.z – ScrewRecess));
    difference() {
    hull()
    for (i=[-1,1], j=[-1,1])
    translate([i*(Block.x/2 – CornerRadius),j*(Block.y/2 – CornerRadius),BlockMinZ])
    cylinder(r=CornerRadius,h=Block.z,$fn=4*3);
    cube([2*Block.x,2*Block.y,Kerf],center=true);
    Frame();
    for (j=[-1,1]) {
    translate([0,j*ScrewOC/2,BlockMinZ – Protrusion])
    rotate(ScrewOrient)
    PolyCyl(Screw[ID],2*Block.z,ScrewSides);
    translate([0,j*ScrewOC/2,BlockMaxZ – ScrewRecess])
    rotate(ScrewOrient)
    PolyCyl(Washer[OD],BlockMaxZ,ScrewSides);
    }
    if (Latches[BlkNum])
    for (i=[-1,1])
    translate([0,i*LatchOC/2,BlockMaxZ – LatchThick/2 + Protrusion])
    cube([BossSlotOAL,LatchWidth,LatchThick + Protrusion],center=true);
    if (Notch[BlkNum])
    translate([0,0,BlockMaxZ – BatteryBoss[LENGTH]/2 + Protrusion])
    cube([BossSlotOAL,BatteryBoss[OD],BatteryBoss[LENGTH] + Protrusion],center=true);
    if (HarnessCable[BlkNum])
    rotate([-155,0,0]) {
    translate([0,FrameTube.y/2 – Harness[ID]/2,0])
    cube([2*Block.x,2*Harness[ID],Harness[ID]],center=true);
    translate([0,FrameTube.y/2 + Harness[ID]/2,0])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    translate([0,0,-Block.x])
    rotate(180/6)
    PolyCyl(Harness[ID],2*Block.x,6);
    }
    if (GearCable[BlkNum])
    rotate([-45,0,0]) {
    translate([0,FrameTube.y/2 – GearOD/2,0])
    cube([2*Block.x,2*GearOD,GearOD],center=true);
    translate([0,FrameTube.y/2 + GearOD/2,0])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    translate([0,0,-Block.x])
    rotate(180/6)
    PolyCyl(GearOD,2*Block.x,6);
    }
    rotate([ShiftAngle,0,0]) {
    if (ShiftWire[BlkNum])
    translate([-Block.x,FrameTube.y/2 + ShiftOffset,0])
    rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(-(90 + ShiftAngle))
    PolyCyl(ShiftOD,2*Block.x,6);
    if (Ferrules[BlkNum] == "Back" || Ferrules[BlkNum] == "Both") {
    i = 1;
    translate([i*(Block.x/2 – ShiftFerrule[LENGTH]),FrameTube.y/2 + ShiftOffset,0])
    rotate([0,i*90,0]) rotate(-i*(90 + ShiftAngle))
    PolyCyl(ShiftFerrule[OD],Block.x,6);
    }
    if (Ferrules[BlkNum] == "Front" || Ferrules[BlkNum] == "Both") {
    i = -1;
    translate([i*(Block.x/2 – ShiftFerrule[LENGTH]),FrameTube.y/2 + ShiftOffset,0])
    rotate([0,i*90,0]) rotate(-i*(90 + ShiftAngle))
    PolyCyl(ShiftFerrule[OD],Block.x,6);
    }
    }
    if (Recess[BlkNum] == "Bottle") {
    rotate(ScrewOrient) {
    PolyCyl(BottleStud[ID],2*Block.z,ScrewSides);
    PolyCyl(BottleStud[OD],FrameTube.z/2 + BottleStud[LENGTH],ScrewSides);
    }
    }
    else if (Recess[BlkNum] == "TeeNut") {
    rotate(ScrewOrient) {
    PolyCyl(Teenut5[ID],2*Block.z,ScrewSides);
    PolyCyl(Teenut5[OD],FrameTube.z/2 + Teenut5[LENGTH+1],ScrewSides);
    }
    }
    translate([0,15,BlockMaxZ – EmbossDepth/2 + Protrusion])
    cube([9.0,8,EmbossDepth],center=true);
    translate([0,17,BlockMinZ + EmbossDepth/2 – Protrusion])
    cube([9.0,8,EmbossDepth],center=true);
    translate([0,-5,BlockMinZ + EmbossDepth/2 – Protrusion])
    cube([9.0,30,EmbossDepth],center=true);
    }
    translate([0,15,BlockMaxZ – EmbossDepth])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    rotate(90)
    text(text=str(BlkNum),size=5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    translate([0,17,BlockMinZ])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    rotate(-90) mirror([0,1,0])
    text(text=str(BlkNum),size=4.5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    translate([0,-5,BlockMinZ])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    rotate(-90) mirror([0,1,0])
    text(text="KE4ZNU",size=4.5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    }
    // complete clamp block
    module Clamp(BlkNum = 1) {
    ClampBlock(BlkNum);
    if (Support)
    color("Yellow") {
    NumRibs = 7;
    RibOC = Block.x/(NumRibs – 1);
    intersection() {
    translate([0,0,BlockMaxZ + Kerf/2])
    cube([2*Block.x,2*Block.y,Block.z],center=true);
    union() {
    translate([0,0,Kerf/2])
    cube([1.1*Block.x,FrameTube.y – 2*ThreadThick,4*ThreadThick],center=true);
    for (i=[-floor(NumRibs/2):floor(NumRibs/2)])
    translate([i*RibOC,0,0])
    rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(180/FrameSides)
    cylinder(d=FrameTube.z – 2*ThreadThick,h=2*ThreadWidth,$fn=FrameSides,center=true);
    /*
    translate([0,FrameTube.y/2 + PowerOD/2,Kerf/2])
    cube([1.1*Block.x,PowerOD – 2*ThreadWidth,4*ThreadThick],center=true);
    for (i=[-floor(NumRibs/2):floor(NumRibs/2)])
    translate([i*RibOC,FrameTube.y/2 + PowerOD/2,PowerOD/4])
    cube([2*ThreadWidth,PowerOD – 2*ThreadWidth,PowerOD/2 – 2*ThreadThick],center=true);
    translate([0,-(FrameTube.y/2 + SpeedOD/2),Kerf/2])
    cube([1.1*Block.x,SpeedOD – 2*ThreadWidth,4*ThreadThick],center=true);
    for (i=[-floor(NumRibs/2):floor(NumRibs/2)])
    translate([i*RibOC,-(FrameTube.y/2 + SpeedOD/2),SpeedOD/4])
    cube([2*ThreadWidth,SpeedOD – 2*ThreadWidth,SpeedOD/2 – 2*ThreadThick],center=true);
    */
    }
    }
    }
    }
    // Half clamp sections for printing
    module HalfClamp(BlkNum = 1, Section = "Upper") {
    render()
    if (Section == "Upper")
    intersection() {
    translate([0,0,BlockMaxZ/2])
    cube([1.1*Block.x,Block.y,BlockMaxZ],center=true);
    translate([0,0,-Kerf/2])
    Clamp(BlkNum);
    }
    else
    intersection() {
    translate([0,0,-BlockMinZ/2])
    cube([1.1*Block.x,Block.y,-BlockMinZ],center=true);
    translate([0,0,-BlockMinZ])
    Clamp(BlkNum);
    }
    }
    // Handlebar mount for controller
    module DispMount() {
    ClampRing = [HandlebarMax,HandlebarMax + 2*WallThick,10.0];
    ClampOffset = (HandlebarMax + BafangClampID)/2 + 6.0;
    DispStudLenth = 16.5;
    NumSides = 24;
    Tilt = 0*atan2((ClampRing[OD] – BafangClampID)/2,ClampOffset);
    echo(str("Tilt: ",Tilt));
    difference() {
    union() {
    hull() {
    cylinder(d=ClampRing[OD],h=ClampRing[LENGTH],$fn=NumSides);
    translate([0,ClampOffset,0])
    cylinder(d=BafangClampID,h=ClampRing[LENGTH],$fn=NumSides);
    }
    translate([0,ClampOffset,0])
    cylinder(d=BafangClampID,h=ClampRing[LENGTH] + DispStudLenth,$fn=NumSides);
    translate([-ClampRing[ID]/4,-(ClampRing[OD]/2),ClampRing[LENGTH]/2])
    rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(180/8)
    cylinder(d=ClampRing[LENGTH]/cos(180/8),h=ClampRing[ID]/2,$fn=8);
    }
    cube([Kerf,4*ClampOffset,4*DispStudLenth],center=true);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    cylinder(d=ClampRing[ID],h=ClampRing[LENGTH] + 2*Protrusion,$fn=NumSides);
    translate([-ClampRing[ID]/2,-(ClampRing[OD]/2),ClampRing[LENGTH]/2])
    rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(Screw3[ID],ClampRing[ID],8);
    for (i=[-1,1])
    translate([i*ClampRing[ID]/4,-(ClampRing[OD]/2),ClampRing[LENGTH]/2])
    rotate([0,i*90,0]) rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(Washer3[OD],ClampRing[ID],$fn=8);
    translate([-5,25,EmbossDepth/2 – Protrusion/2])
    rotate(Tilt)
    cube([4.5,21.5,EmbossDepth + Protrusion],center=true);
    if (false)
    translate([-6,25,EmbossDepth/2 – Protrusion/2])
    rotate(-Tilt)
    cube([4.0,27,EmbossDepth + Protrusion],center=true);
    }
    translate([-5,25,0])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    rotate(90 + Tilt) mirror([0,1,0])
    text(text="KE4ZNU",size=3.3,spacing=1.05,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    if (false)
    translate([-6,25,0])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    rotate(90 – Tilt) mirror([0,1,0])
    text(text="softsolder.com",size=2.2,spacing=1.05,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    }
    // Mold to reshape speed sensor nut
    SensorNut = [0,14.4,13.0];
    SensorMold = [SensorNut[OD] + 2*WallThick,SensorNut[OD] + 2*WallThick,SensorNut[LENGTH] + WallThick];
    MoldSides = 20;
    RodOD = 1.6;
    module NutMoldBlock() {
    difference() {
    translate([0,0,SensorMold.z/2])
    cube(SensorMold,center=true);
    translate([0,0,WallThick])
    rotate(180/MoldSides)
    PolyCyl(SensorNut[OD],2*SensorNut[LENGTH],MoldSides);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(SpeedOD,2*SensorMold.z,8);
    for (i=[-1,1])
    translate([i*(SensorMold.x/2 – WallThick/2),SensorMold.y,SensorMold.z/2])
    rotate([90,0,0])
    PolyCyl(RodOD,2*SensorMold.y,6);
    }
    }
    module NutMold() {
    gap = 1.0;
    for (j=[-1,1])
    translate([0,j*gap,0])
    intersection() {
    translate([0,j*SensorMold.y,0])
    cube(2*SensorMold,center=true);
    NutMoldBlock();
    }
    }
    // Brake sensor magnet mount
    // Magnetized through thinnest section
    module BrakeMagnet() {
    Magnet = [10.5,3.0,5.5];
    Plate = 2*ThreadThick;
    BrakeRad = 10.0; // brake handle curve Radius
    Holder = [2*BrakeRad,7.0,Magnet.z + Plate];
    difference() {
    intersection() {
    translate([0,-BrakeRad,0])
    rotate(180/24)
    cylinder(r=BrakeRad,h=Holder.z,$fn=24);
    translate([0,BrakeRad – Holder.y,Holder.z/2])
    cube([2*BrakeRad,2*BrakeRad,Holder.z],center=true);
    translate([0,0,-2*BrakeRad/sqrt(2) + Holder.z – 3.0 + BrakeRad])
    rotate([0,45,0])
    cube(2*[BrakeRad,2*BrakeRad,BrakeRad],center=true);
    }
    translate([0,Magnet.y/2 – Holder.y – Protrusion/2,Magnet.z/2 + Plate + Protrusion/2])
    cube(Magnet + [0,Protrusion,Protrusion],center=true);
    }
    }
    // Shift stud cap
    // With passage for harness cable
    CapBlock = [18,18,16.5];
    module ShiftCap() {
    Rounding = 3.5;
    CapM = 3.0;
    StudBase = [12.5,12.5,4.5];
    Stud = [5.0,9.3,15.5];
    difference() {
    hull() {
    translate([0,0,CapBlock.z – 0.5])
    PolyCyl(Washer5[OD],0.5,12);
    for (i=[-1,1], j=[-1,1])
    translate([i*(CapBlock.x/2 – Rounding),j*(CapBlock.y/2 – Rounding),0])
    sphere(r=Rounding,$fn=12);
    translate([-CapBlock.x/2,-Harness[ID]/2 – StudBase.y/2,StudBase.z/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    cylinder(d=Harness[ID] + 2*WallThick,h=CapBlock.x,$fn=12);
    }
    translate([0,0,-(FrameTube.z/2 – CapM)])
    Frame();
    PolyCyl(Screw5[ID],2*CapBlock.z,6);
    PolyCyl(Stud[OD],Stud[LENGTH],12);
    translate([0,0,StudBase.z/2])
    cube(StudBase,center=true);
    translate([0,-StudBase.y/2,StudBase.z/2])
    cube(StudBase + [0,-StudBase.y/2,0],center=true);
    translate([-CapBlock.x,-Harness[ID]/2 – StudBase.y/2,StudBase.z/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    cylinder(d=1.5*Harness[ID],h=2*CapBlock.x,$fn=12);
    }
    }
    // Head tube clip for harness cable joint
    module HeadClip() {
    CableOD = Harness[OD];
    difference() {
    linear_extrude(height=HeadTube[LENGTH],convexity=10)
    difference() {
    hull() {
    circle(d=HeadTube[ID] + 2*WallThick,$fn=FrameSides);
    translate([0,-(HeadTube[ID] + CableOD)/2])
    rotate(180/(FrameSides/2))
    circle(d=CableOD + 2*WallThick,$fn=FrameSides/2);
    }
    circle(d=HeadTube[ID] + HoleWindage,$fn=FrameSides);
    translate([0,-(HeadTube[ID] + CableOD)/2])
    rotate(180/(FrameSides/2))
    circle(d=CableOD + HoleWindage,$fn=FrameSides/2);
    translate([0,-HeadTube[ID]/2])
    square(0.75*CableOD,center=true);
    translate([0,HeadTube[ID]])
    square(2*HeadTube[ID],center=true);
    }
    translate([0,-(HeadTube[ID]/2 + CableOD + WallThick – CableTie.z/2),HeadTube[LENGTH]/2])
    cube([HeadTube[ID],CableTie.z,CableTie.y],center=true);
    for (i=[-1,1])
    translate([i*(HeadTube[ID]/2 + WallThick – CableTie.z/2),0,HeadTube[LENGTH]/2])
    cube([CableTie.z,HeadTube[ID],CableTie.y],center=true);
    }
    }
    // Programming cable case
    ProgCavity = [60.0,18.0,7.0];
    ProgBlock = [70.0,24.0,13.0];
    ProgCableOD = 4.0;
    module ProgrammerCase() {
    difference() {
    hull() {
    for (i=[-1,1], j=[-1,1])
    translate([i*(ProgBlock.x/2 – CornerRadius),j*i*(ProgBlock.y/2 – CornerRadius),-ProgBlock.z/2])
    cylinder(r=CornerRadius,h=ProgBlock.z,$fn=12);
    }
    translate([-ProgBlock.x,0,0])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    PolyCyl(ProgCableOD,3*ProgBlock.x,6);
    cube(ProgCavity,center=true);
    translate([0,0,ProgBlock.z/2 + ProgCavity.z/2 – EmbossDepth])
    cube(ProgCavity,center=true);
    translate([0,0,-(ProgBlock.z/2 + ProgCavity.z/2 – EmbossDepth)])
    cube(ProgCavity,center=true);
    }
    translate([0,4,ProgBlock.z/2 – EmbossDepth])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    text(text="Bafang BBS02",
    size=5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    translate([0,-4,ProgBlock.z/2 – EmbossDepth])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    text(text="Programmer",
    size=5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    translate([0,4,-ProgBlock.z/2])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    mirror([1,0])
    text(text="Ed Nisley",
    size=5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    translate([0,-4,-ProgBlock.z/2])
    linear_extrude(height=EmbossDepth)
    mirror([1,0])
    text(text="softsolder.com",
    size=5,spacing=1.00,font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
    halign="center",valign="center");
    }
    // Half case sections for printing
    module HalfCase(Section = "Upper") {
    intersection() {
    translate([0,0,ProgBlock.z/4])
    cube([2*ProgBlock.x,2*ProgBlock.y,ProgBlock.z/2],center=true);
    if (Section == "Upper")
    ProgrammerCase();
    else
    translate([0,0,ProgBlock.z/2])
    ProgrammerCase();
    }
    }
    //———-
    // Build them
    if (Layout == "Frame")
    Frame();
    if (Layout == "DispMount")
    DispMount();
    if (Layout == "BrakeMagnet")
    BrakeMagnet();
    if (Layout == "ShiftCap")
    ShiftCap();
    if (Layout == "HeadClip")
    HeadClip();
    if (Layout == "BuildClip")
    rotate([-90,0,0])
    HeadClip();
    if (Layout == "BuildShiftCap")
    translate([0,0,CapBlock.z])
    rotate([180,0,0])
    ShiftCap();
    if (Layout == "Case")
    ProgrammerCase();
    if (Layout == "NutMold")
    NutMold();
    if (Layout == "Upper" || Layout == "Lower")
    HalfClamp(Station,Layout);
    if (Layout == "Block") {
    ClampBlock(Station);
    if (false)
    color("Red", 0.3)
    Frame();
    }
    if (Layout == "AllBlocks") {
    gap = 3*Block.x;
    for (i=[0:4])
    translate([i*gap – 2*gap,0,0])
    Clamp(i);
    if (true)
    color("Red", 0.3)
    Frame();
    }
    if (Layout == "BuildBlock") {
    gap = 5.0;
    translate([gap,0,Block.x/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    HalfClamp(Station,"Upper");
    translate([-gap – Block.z/2,0,Block.x/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    HalfClamp(Station,"Lower");
    }