The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Tag: Improvements

Making the world a better place, one piece at a time

  • Knurled Metric Inserts

    These seem like they ought to come in handy for fastening things to 3D printed objects:

    Kurled Inserts - M2 M3 M5
    Kurled Inserts – M2 M3 M5

    The assorted screws come from the Small Can o’ Small Screwlike Things, all harvested from various dead bits of consumer electronics:

    Kurled M3 Inserts
    Kurled M3 Inserts

    These would benefit from a heated staking tool that slides them into the hole parallel to the axis and flush with the surface. Such things are commercially available, of course, but for my simple needs something involving a cartridge heater, a wall wart, and a drill press may suffice.

    It would be better if the inserts had actual knurls, rather than splines. So it goes.

    For the record (thread x length x Knurl OD x Body OD):

    • M2 x 4 x 3.5 x 2.8
    • M2 x 6 x 3.5 x 2.7
    • M3 x 4 x 4.5 x 3.8
    • M3 x 8 x 5.0 x 3.9
    • M5 x 10 x 7.5 x 6.9

    The actual measurements seem to vary within ±0.02 of nominal and I doubt the manufacturing consistency justifies any assumption tighter than ±0.1 mm.

    The M3 inserts really do have two different ODs.

    The M5 insert was listed as “7 mm OD” and measures 7.5 mm, which suggests a typo in the description.

    The polygonal hole adjustment I use produces dead-on diameters for small vertical holes:

    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {	// based on nophead's polyholes
      Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
      FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
      cylinder(d=(FixDia + HoleWindage),h=Height,$fn=Sides);
    }
    

    So an ordinary cylinder() with the nominal knurl OD or a PolyCyl() with the nominal body OD should suffice. Horizontal holes can probably use a plain old cylinder() with the nominal body OD, because they need reaming anyway.

    Perhaps a dab of epoxy would bond better with the plastic around a nominal-size hole than forcing the insert into an undersized hole or heat-bonding the insert. Some experimentation is in order.

    Ten bucks for the entire collection (five bags of 50 inserts each = 250 little brass doodads = 4¢ each), shipped free halfway around the planet, seemed reasonable, given that inch size knurled brass inserts run anywhere from 50¢ to upwards of $2 a pop and a Genuine Helicoil 4-40 insert sets you back just shy of a buck.

    An Amazon vendor offers 4-40 inserts for $0.24 each in single quantities, but with $9.25 shipping. [le sigh]

    Inch-size inserts with knurled rings intended for ultrasonic bonding seem to be 5¢ to 15¢ on eBay. I think the straight-side versions will work better than the tapered ones for heat or epoxy bonding.

    It knurls my knuckles that we here in the US haven’t gone solidly metric. Yes, I have a goodly assortment of metric hardware in addition to the harvested fasteners shown above, but it definitely wasn’t cheap & readily available.

  • Vacuum Tube LEDs: Halogen Lamp Base

    This lamp needs a base for its (minimal) electronics:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - plate lead - overview
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – plate lead – overview

    The solid model won’t win many stylin’ points:

    Vacuum Tube Lights - lamp base solid model
    Vacuum Tube Lights – lamp base solid model

    It’s big and bulky, with a thick wall and base, because that ceramic lamp socket wants to screw down onto something solid. The screw holes got tapped 6-32, the standard electrical box screw size.

    The odd little hole on the far side accommodates a USB-to-serial adapter that both powers the lamp and lets you reprogram the Arduino Pro Mini without tearing the thing apart:

    Vacuum Tube Lights - USB adapter cutout
    Vacuum Tube Lights – USB adapter cutout

    The sloped roof makes the hole printable in the obvious orientation:

    Lamp Base - USB port
    Lamp Base – USB port

    There’s an ugly story behind the horizontal line just above the USB adapter that I’ll explain in a bit.

    The adapter hole begins 1.2 mm above the interior floor to let the adapter sit on a strip of double-sticky foam tape. I removed the standard header socket and wired the adapter directly to the Arduino Pro Mini with 24 AWG U-wires:

    Lamp Base - interior
    Lamp Base – interior

    I didn’t want to use pin connectors on the lamp cable leads, but without those you (well, I) can’t take the base off without un-/re-soldering the wires in an awkward location; the fact that I hope to never take it apart is irrelevant. Next time, I’ll use a longer wire from the plate cap and better connectors, but this was a trial fit that became Good Enough for the purpose.

    And then It Just Worked… although black, rather than cyan, plastic would look spiffier.

    Bluish phases look icy cold:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - halogen lamp - purple phase
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – halogen lamp – purple phase

    Reddish phases look Just Right for a hot lamp:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - halogen lamp - red phase
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – halogen lamp – red phase

    A ring of white double sided foam tape now holds the plate cap in place; that should be black, too.

    The OpenSCAD source code adds the base to the plate cap as a GitHub gist:

    // Vacuum Tube LED Lights
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU January 2016
    Layout = "LampBase"; // Show Build Cap LampBase USBPort
    Section = true; // cross-section the object
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
    inch = 25.4;
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    ID = 0;
    OD = 1;
    LENGTH = 2;
    Pixel = [7.0,10.0,3.0]; // ID = contact patch, OD = PCB dia, LENGTH = overall thickness
    //———————-
    // Useful routines
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
    h=Height,
    $fn=Sides);
    }
    //———————-
    // Tube cap
    CapTube = [4.0,3/16 * inch,10.0]; // brass tube for flying lead to cap LED
    CapSize = [Pixel[ID],(Pixel[OD] + 3.0),(CapTube[OD] + 2*Pixel[LENGTH])];
    CapSides = 6*4;
    module Cap() {
    difference() {
    union() {
    cylinder(d=CapSize[OD],h=(CapSize[LENGTH]),$fn=CapSides); // main cap body
    translate([0,0,CapSize[LENGTH]]) // rounded top
    scale([1.0,1.0,0.65])
    sphere(d=CapSize[OD]/cos(180/CapSides),$fn=CapSides); // cos() fixes slight undersize vs cylinder
    cylinder(d1=(CapSize[OD] + 2*3*ThreadWidth),d2=CapSize[OD],h=1.5*Pixel[LENGTH],$fn=CapSides); // skirt
    }
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // bore for wiring to LED
    PolyCyl(CapSize[ID],(CapSize[LENGTH] + 3*ThreadThick + Protrusion),CapSides);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // PCB recess with clearance for tube dome
    PolyCyl(Pixel[OD],(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),CapSides);
    translate([0,0,(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] – Protrusion)]) // small step + cone to retain PCB
    cylinder(d1=(Pixel[OD]/cos(180/CapSides)),d2=Pixel[ID],h=(Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),$fn=CapSides);
    translate([0,0,(CapSize[LENGTH] – CapTube[OD]/(2*cos(180/8)))]) // hole for brass tube holding wire loom
    rotate([90,0,0]) rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(CapTube[OD],CapSize[OD],8);
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Aperture for USB-to-serial adapter snout
    // These are all magic numbers, of course
    module USBPort() {
    translate([0,28.0])
    rotate([90,0,0])
    linear_extrude(height=28.0)
    polygon(points=[
    [0,0],
    [8.0,0],
    [8.0,4.0],
    // [4.0,4.0],
    [4.0,6.5],
    [-4.0,6.5],
    // [-4.0,4.0],
    [-8.0,4.0],
    [-8.0,0],
    ]);
    }
    //———————-
    // Box for Leviton ceramic lamp base
    module LampBase() {
    Bottom = 5.0;
    Base = [3.75*inch,4.5*inch,25.0 + Bottom];
    Sides = 12*4;
    Stud = [0.107 * inch,15.0,Base[LENGTH]]; // 6-32 mounting screws, OD = ceramic boss size
    StudOC = 3.5 * inch;
    union() {
    difference() {
    rotate(180/Sides)
    cylinder(d=Base[OD],h=Base[LENGTH],$fn=Sides);
    rotate(180/Sides)
    translate([0,0,Bottom])
    cylinder(d=Base[ID],h=Base[LENGTH],$fn=Sides);
    translate([0,-Base[OD]/2,Bottom + 1.2]) // mount on double-sided foam tape
    rotate(0)
    USBPort();
    }
    for (i = [-1,1])
    translate([i*StudOC/2,0,0])
    rotate(180/8)
    difference() {
    cylinder(d=Stud[OD],h=Stud[LENGTH],$fn=8);
    translate([0,0,Bottom])
    PolyCyl(Stud[ID],(Stud[LENGTH] – (Bottom – Protrusion)),6);
    }
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Build it
    if (Layout == "Cap") {
    if (Section)
    difference() {
    Cap();
    translate([-CapSize[OD],0,CapSize[LENGTH]])
    cube([2*CapSize[OD],2*CapSize[OD],3*CapSize[LENGTH]],center=true);
    }
    else
    Cap();
    }
    if (Layout == "LampBase")
    LampBase();
    if (Layout == "USBPort")
    USBPort();
    if (Layout == "Build") {
    Cap();
    Spigot();
    }
  • Darning Foot Modification

    Mary wanted an opening in the front of the Darning Foot I didn’t modify the last time around, so I grabbed it in a machinist’s vise, grabbed that in the bench vise, and freehanded a Dremel slitting saw:

    Darning Foot - saw-cut foot
    Darning Foot – saw-cut foot

    A bit of file work and it looks pretty good, although neither of us like the blurred-from-the-factory red lines:

    Darning Foot - opened foot
    Darning Foot – opened foot

    This one retains the pin that lifts it as the needle rises, so it’s a hopping foot.

  • Vacuum Tube LEDS: Ersatz Plate Cap

    Lighting up that old voltage regulator tube conclusively demonstrated there’s no point in conjuring high voltages in this day & age. Nay, verily, merely lighting the filament of some tubes would require more power than seems reasonable.

    1B3GT high-voltage regulator tube in the Box o’ Hollow State Electronics suggested a different approach:

    1B3GT HV tube regulator
    1B3GT HV tube regulator

    With only a slight loss of historical accuracy, one could light the tube from the top with a Neopixel LED tucked into a similar cap, with power-and-data arriving through a suitably antiqued flying lead. That won’t work on tubes like that 1B3GT with an actual plate terminal  at the top, nor with small Noval / miniature 7-pin tubes topped with an evacuation tip, but it’s fine for tubes like this 6SN7GTB:

    6SN7GTB Vacuum Tube
    6SN7GTB Vacuum Tube

    Obviously, you want a relatively small cap atop the tube, lest the LED visually overwhelm the tube. Some preliminary tests (a.k.a. screwing around) showed that the mica spacer holding the dual triode elements together lights up wonderfully well and diffuses the glow throughout the tube.

    Adafruit has relatively large round (and smaller roundish) Neopixel breakout boards, but I bought a bunch of knockoff Neopixels mounted on a 10 mm circular PCB from the usual eBay supplier:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - plate lead - connections
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – plate lead – connections

    Some PET braid tucked into a snippet of brass tubing dresses up a length of what might once have been audio cable. The braid wants to fray on the ends; confining it with heatstink or brass tubing is mandatory.

    That’s a 1 µF ceramic SMD cap soldered between the +5 V and Gnd traces, atop a snippet of Kapton tape, in the hopes that it will help the 100 nF cap (on the other side of the board) tamp down the voltage dunks from PWM current pulses through that long thin wire. The leads come off toward the center to bend neatly upward into the cap.

    Duplicating that old plate cap on the 1B3GT would be a fool’s errand, so I went full frontal Vader:

    Vacuum Tube Lights - cap solid model - Overview
    Vacuum Tube Lights – cap solid model – Overview

    The interior recesses the LED far enough to allow for the tube’s top curvature, with a conical adapter to the smaller wiring channel that allows for more plastic supporting the brass tube:

    Vacuum Tube Lights - cap solid model - section
    Vacuum Tube Lights – cap solid model – section

    A glob of epoxy inside the cap anchors the PCB and fuses all the loose ends / floppy wires / braid strands into a solid block that will never come apart again.

    It should be printed (or primered and painted) with opaque black or maybe Bakelite Brown, but right now I have cyan PETG and want to see how it plays, soooo:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - plate lead - overview
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – plate lead – overview

    The cap floats in mid-air over a defunct Philips 60 W halogen bulb that I’ve been saving for just such an occasion. Obviously, you must epoxy / glue the cap in place for a permanent display.

    The OpenSCAD source code as a Github gist:

    // Vacuum Tube LED Lights
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU January 2016
    Layout = "Cap"; // Show Build Cap Box Octal Noval Mini7
    Section = true; // cross-section the object
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
    inch = 25.4;
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    //———————-
    // Dimensions
    // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_socket#Summary_of_Base_Details
    T_NAME = 0;
    T_NUMPINS = 1; // Socket specifications
    T_PINCIRC = 2;
    T_PINDIA = 3;
    T_SOCKDIA = 4;
    TubeBase = [
    ["Mini7", 8, 9.53, 1.016, 19.0],
    ["Octal", 8, 17.45, 2.36, 33.0],
    ["Noval",10, 11.89, 1.1016,20.5],
    ];
    ID = 0;
    OD = 1;
    LENGTH = 2;
    Pixel = [7.0,10.0,3.0]; // ID = contact patch, OD = PCB dia, LENGTH = overall thickness
    //———————-
    // Useful routines
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
    h=Height,
    $fn=Sides);
    }
    //———————-
    // Tube cap
    CapTube = [4.0,3/16 * inch,10.0]; // brass tube for flying lead to cap LED
    CapSize = [Pixel[ID],(Pixel[OD] + 3.0),(CapTube[OD] + 2*Pixel[LENGTH])];
    CapSides = 6*4;
    module Cap() {
    difference() {
    union() {
    cylinder(d=CapSize[OD],h=(CapSize[LENGTH]),$fn=CapSides); // main cap body
    translate([0,0,CapSize[LENGTH]]) // rounded top
    scale([1.0,1.0,0.65])
    sphere(d=CapSize[OD]/cos(180/CapSides),$fn=CapSides); // cos() fixes slight undersize vs cylinder
    cylinder(d1=(CapSize[OD] + 2*3*ThreadWidth),d2=CapSize[OD],h=1.5*Pixel[LENGTH],$fn=CapSides); // skirt
    }
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // bore for wiring to LED
    PolyCyl(CapSize[ID],(CapSize[LENGTH] + 3*ThreadThick + Protrusion),CapSides);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // PCB recess with clearance for tube dome
    PolyCyl(Pixel[OD],(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),CapSides);
    translate([0,0,(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] – Protrusion)]) // step + cone to retain PCB
    cylinder(d1=(Pixel[OD]/cos(180/CapSides)),d2=Pixel[ID],h=(Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),$fn=CapSides);
    translate([0,0,(CapSize[LENGTH] – CapTube[OD]/(2*cos(180/8)))]) // hole for brass tube holding wire loom
    rotate([90,0,0]) rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(CapTube[OD],CapSize[OD],8);
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Build it
    if (Layout == "Cap") {
    if (Section)
    difference() {
    Cap();
    translate([-CapSize[OD],0,CapSize[LENGTH]])
    cube([2*CapSize[OD],2*CapSize[OD],3*CapSize[LENGTH]],center=true);
    }
    else
    Cap();
    }
    if (Layout == "Build") {
    Cap();
    Spigot();
    }

  • Ham It Up Noise Source Enable Switch

    Some rummaging produced a tiny DPDT switch that actually fit the holes intended for a pin header on the recently arrived Ham It Up board, at least after I amputated 2/3 of the poor thing’s legs:

    Ham-It-Up - noise source switch - B
    Ham-It-Up – noise source switch – B

    The new SMA noise output jack sits in the front left, with the white “noise on” LED just left of the switch:

    Ham-It-Up - noise source switch - A
    Ham-It-Up – noise source switch – A

    There’s no way to measure these things accurately, at least as far as I can tell, but the holes came out pretty close to where they should be. The new SMA connector lined up horizontally with the existing IF output jack and vertically with the measured / rounded-to-the-nearest-millimeter on-center distance:

    Ham It Up - noise SMA drilling
    Ham It Up – noise SMA drilling

    The Enable switch doesn’t quite line up with the LED, so the holes will always look like I screwed up:

    Ham-It-Up - noise source switch - case holes
    Ham-It-Up – noise source switch – case holes

    That’s OK, nobody will ever notice.

    Now, to stack up enough adapters to get from the SMA on the Ham It Up board to the N connector on the spectrum analyzer …

     

  • Microscope Stage Positioner

    Given the vanishingly small depth of field provided by a cheap USB camera peering through the stereo zoom microscope, I’ve always wanted a better way of moving objects by small increments. The rehabilitated micropositioner didn’t have the right orientation or end effector:

    Micropositioner
    Micropositioner

    So I rearranged the axis slides and added a small table:

    Microscope Stage Positioner
    Microscope Stage Positioner

    That frees up the magnetic base and husky angle bracket, plus a few odds & ends, for future adventures.

    The clear base is a random chunk of acrylic, bandsawed to the proper length, then tediously squared and drilled on the Sherline:

    Microscope Stage Positioner - base squaring
    Microscope Stage Positioner – base squaring

    I briefly thought of printing the base, but came to my senses: there are better ways to make big flat surfaces.

    The little aluminum table has a nubbly spray coating that came straight from the heap and looks surprisingly good after squaring & drilling. The X axis block puts it below the platform and one screw head above the desk when the Y axis arm sits flat on the acrylic base.

    One solid model view arranges things in more-or-less the proper layout to check the alignment:

    Microscope Stage Positioner - solid model - Show layout
    Microscope Stage Positioner – solid model – Show layout

    The build layout reduces the platform space:

    Microscope Stage Positioner - Slic3r preview
    Microscope Stage Positioner – Slic3r preview

    You’re looking at four hours of PETG print time at 0.2 mm layer thickness with 15% infill and Hilbert Curve surfaces.

    All of the screws have UNF fine-pitch threads (4-48, 6-40, 8-36, stuff like that), so the solid model includes the spacing required to reuse the original screws: those big holes in the Y axis arm end in little clearance holes for the tiny screws. Some of the screws bottom out with barely two millimeters of thread engagement in the slides, while others could jam against the racks. I didn’t want to cut that many screws from my Brownell’s gun screw assortment unless I absolutely had to. So far, so good.

    I spent quite a while doodling the layout to convince myself that it would actually work:

    Microscope Stage Positioner - layout doodle
    Microscope Stage Positioner – layout doodle

    Memo to self: Next time, use a larger scale!

    Although the whole lashup works as intended, those metal hunks are way too heavy for the plastic block that fits between the Z axis drive pillar and the X axis slide: that long Y axis arm drooped toward the front by about 5 mm. A small shim raised the front of the Z axis footprint enough to level the arm, but I think the right answer is a metal upright with a bigger footprint that spreads the load.

    All that mass hanging out in mid-air turns the plastic pieces into springs: you can’t keep your fingers on the knobs. Fortunately, everything returns to the same position after you release the knob, so it’s easy to move in precise increments if you close your eyes until the view settles down.

    There’s a reason optical equipment uses cast iron, steel, and brass… but I’ll settle for plastic.

    The OpenSCAD source code as a GitHub gist:

    // Microscope Stage Positioner
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU January 2016
    Layout = "Build"; // Show Build
    // Base ZStand YMount XMount
    Gap = 0.0;
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
    inch = 25.4;
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    //———————-
    // Dimensions
    SlipFit = 0.1;
    ZDrive = [26.0,19.6,75.0]; // stationary part of Z drive
    ZDriveOffset =[0,0,22.0]; // left front corner of stationary Z base
    ZWall = 4.0; // thickness of edge wrapped around Z columns
    YStageBlock = [25.0,61.0,17.0]; // Y stage mount + slide
    YStageOffset = [-6.0,4.0,0.0]; // offset to inner corner of Y stage holder
    YArm = [10.0,93.0,17.0]; // mount to stationary part of Y stage
    ZStage = [24.0,9.7,85.0]; // moving part of Z drive
    ZYArm = [(2*ZWall + ZStage[0]),10.0,YArm[2]]; // attaches to ZStage, same thickness as YArm
    XStageBlock = [25.0,20.0,12.0]; // X stage mount + slide
    XStageOffset = [-95.0,-15.0,-26]; // offset to rear left bottom corner of X stage slide
    XTray = [25,25,5]; // X tray attached to bottom of X mount
    //———————-
    // Useful routines
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
    h=Height,
    $fn=Sides);
    }
    //– Z Stand
    module ZStand() {
    Holes = [12.0,41.5,68.0];
    HoleOD = 3.5;
    HolesOC = 15.0;
    echo(str("Z Stand holes OC: ",HolesOC));
    ZPlate = 6.0; // thickness of Z plate = max screw grab distance
    ZStandWrap = 2.0; // length of edge wrapped around Z column
    MaxY = 9.0;
    MinY = -14.0;
    difference() {
    union() {
    linear_extrude(height=ZDriveOffset[2])
    polygon(points=[
    [-ZWall,MaxY], // limited by Z slide rack
    [ZDrive[0] + ZWall,MaxY],
    [ZDrive[0] + ZWall,MinY], // limited by X slide rack
    [-ZWall,MinY]
    ]);
    linear_extrude(height=(ZDrive[2] + ZDriveOffset[2]),convexity=4)
    polygon(points=[
    [-SlipFit,0],
    [ZDrive[0] + SlipFit,0.0],
    [ZDrive[0] + SlipFit,ZStandWrap],
    [ZDrive[0] + ZWall,ZStandWrap],
    [ZDrive[0] + ZWall,-ZPlate],
    [-ZWall,-ZPlate],
    [-ZWall,ZStandWrap],
    [-SlipFit,ZStandWrap]
    ]);
    }
    for (i = [0:len(Holes) – 1]) // holes along Z stand
    translate([ZDrive[0]/2,ZDrive[1]/2,(Holes[i] + ZDriveOffset[2])])
    rotate([90,0,0])
    PolyCyl(HoleOD,ZDrive[1]);
    for (i = [-1,1]) // mounting screw holes
    translate([i*HolesOC/2 + ZDrive[0]/2, // center the holes from side to side
    (MaxY + MinY)/2, // moby hack to put holes on midline
    -Protrusion])
    PolyCyl(3.5,0.75*ZDriveOffset[2],6);
    }
    }
    //– Y Mounting arm
    // Polygon origin at inner corner nearest the Z stand column
    module YMount() {
    YHoles = [12.0,48.0,84.0]; // mounting holes along Y stage arm, from outside in
    YScrewLength = 4.0; // screw head to Y stage mount
    ZStageBase = [(ZDrive[0] – ZStage[0])/2,(ZDrive[1] + ZStage[1]),0.0] – YStageOffset; // local coordinates of Z slide left rear corner
    ZHoles = [26.5,55.0,71.0];
    ZStageWrap = 8.0; // length of edge wrapped around Z stage
    Trim = ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap;
    union() {
    difference() {
    linear_extrude(height=YArm[2],convexity=5)
    polygon(points=[
    [-Trim,0.0],
    [-YStageBlock[0],0.0],
    [-YStageBlock[0],-(YArm[1] + SlipFit)],
    [-(YStageBlock[0] + YArm[0]),-(YArm[1] + SlipFit)],
    [-(YStageBlock[0] + YArm[0]),Trim],
    [-Trim,(ZStageBase[1] + ZYArm[1])],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0]/2),(ZStageBase[1] + ZYArm[1])],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + ZWall),(ZStageBase[1] + 0*ZYArm[1])],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + ZWall),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + SlipFit),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + SlipFit),ZStageBase[1]],
    [(ZStageBase[0] – SlipFit),ZStageBase[1]],
    [(ZStageBase[0] – SlipFit),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [0.0,(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [0.0,Trim]
    ]);
    for (j=[0:len(YHoles) – 1]) { // Y stage mounting screws
    translate([-(YStageBlock[0] + YScrewLength),
    (-YArm[1] + YHoles[j] – 2*SlipFit),
    YArm[2]/2])
    rotate([0,-90,0]) rotate(180/6)
    PolyCyl(5.5,YArm[0],6);
    translate([-(YStageBlock[0] – Protrusion),
    (-YArm[1] + YHoles[j] – 2*SlipFit),
    YArm[2]/2])
    rotate([0,-90,0]) rotate(180/6)
    PolyCyl(2.5,2*YArm[0],6);
    }
    }
    if (true)
    difference() {
    linear_extrude(height=ZStage[2],convexity=5)
    polygon(points=[
    [(ZStageBase[0] – ZWall),(ZStageBase[1] + 5.0)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + ZWall),(ZStageBase[1] + 5.0)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + ZWall),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + SlipFit),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0] + SlipFit),ZStageBase[1]],
    [(ZStageBase[0] – SlipFit),ZStageBase[1]],
    [(ZStageBase[0] – SlipFit),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    [(ZStageBase[0] – ZWall),(ZStageBase[1] – ZStageWrap)],
    ]);
    for (k=[0:len(ZHoles) – 1])
    translate([(ZStageBase[0] + ZStage[0]/2),0.0,ZHoles[k]])
    rotate([-90,0,0])
    PolyCyl(3.5,2*ZStageBase[1],6);
    }
    }
    }
    //– X Slide attachment
    // Origin at left rear bottom of mount
    module XMount() {
    XHoles = [6.0,18.0]; // from end of X slide
    XHolesOffset = 7.0; // from bottom of X slide
    TrayHolesOC = 10.0;
    echo(str("Tray holes OC: ",TrayHolesOC));
    BlockOAH = XStageBlock[2] – XStageOffset[2] – XTray[2]; // overall height of mount
    difference() {
    translate([XStageBlock[0],0,BlockOAH])
    rotate([0,90,180])
    linear_extrude(height=XStageBlock[0],convexity=2)
    polygon(points=[
    [0,0],
    [0.0,7.0],
    [(XStageBlock[2] + SlipFit),7.0],
    [(XStageBlock[2] + SlipFit),XStageBlock[1]],
    [BlockOAH,XStageBlock[1]],
    [BlockOAH,0.0],
    ]);
    for (i=[0:len(XHoles) – 1]) // holes for X stage screws
    translate([XHoles[i],Protrusion,BlockOAH – XStageBlock[2] + XHolesOffset])
    rotate([90,0,0])
    PolyCyl(3.5,2*7.0,6);
    for (i=[-1,1]) // holes for tray mount
    translate([i*TrayHolesOC/2 + XStageBlock[0]/2,-XStageBlock[1]/2,-Protrusion])
    PolyCyl(2.5,0.75*(BlockOAH – XStageBlock[2]),6);
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Build it
    if (Layout == "ZStand")
    ZStand();
    if (Layout == "YMount")
    YMount();
    if (Layout == "XMount")
    XMount();
    if (Layout == "Show") {
    color("lightgreen")
    ZStand();
    color("orange")
    translate(YStageOffset)
    YMount();
    color("lightblue")
    translate(XStageOffset + [0,0,-XStageOffset[2]])
    XMount();
    }
    if (Layout == "Build") {
    translate([20,0,0])
    ZStand();
    translate([YStageBlock[0]/2,0,0])
    YMount();
    translate([20,-30,0])
    XMount();
    }

  • Olfa Rotary Cutter Spacer

    At some point along the way, the bright yellow washer (they call it a “spacer”) on Mary’s 60 mm Olfa rotary cutter went missing. A casual search suggests that replacement washers come directly from Olfa after navigating their phone tree, but …

    Judging from scuffs on the rear surface, the washer serves two purposes:

    • Hold the blade close to the handle against slightly misaligned cutting forces
    • Add more compression to the wave washer under the nut

    This model is much more intricate than the stock washer:

    Olfa Rotary Cutter - backing washer
    Olfa Rotary Cutter – backing washer

    The trench across the middle of the thicker part allows a wider compression adjustment range for the wave washer and provides more thread engagement at the lightest setting for my liking. The shape comes from the chord equation based on measurements of the wave washer:

    Olfa Rotary Cutter - washer doodles
    Olfa Rotary Cutter – washer doodles

    The wave washer keys on the bolt flats: the whole affair rotates with the blade and gives the nut no inclination to unscrew. If you remove the trench, the remaining hole has the proper shape to key on the bolt and rotate with it; with the trench in place, the wave washer’s sides haul the plastic washer along with it.

    The plain ring, just two threads thick, glues bottom-to-bottom on the thicker part to soak up the air gap and provide more blade stability. It’s not entirely clear that’s a win; it’s easy to omit.

    It looks about like you’d expect:

    Olfa Rotary Cutter - washer in place
    Olfa Rotary Cutter – washer in place

    The wave washer must go on the bolt with the smooth curve downward into the trench. That orientation that wasn’t enforced by the Official Olfa spacer washer’s smooth sides.

    The nut sits upside-down to show the face that normally sits against the wave washer. I’d lay long odds that the recess around the threads originally held a conical compression spring with a penchant for joining the dust bunnies under the sewing table. You can insert the wave washer the wrong way, but it doesn’t store enough energy to go airborne unless you drop it, which did happen once with the expected result.

    The OpenSCAD source code as a GitHub gist:

    // Olfa rotary cutter backing washer
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU January 2016
    Layout = "Build";
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    // Print with +1 shells and 3 solid layers
    ThreadThick = 0.20;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
    //———————-
    // Dimensions
    WasherOD = 35.0;
    WasherThick = 1.5;
    WaveOD = 14.0; // wave washer flat dia
    WaveM = 1.8; // height of wave washer bend
    BendRad = (pow(WaveM,2) + pow(WaveOD,2)/4) / (2*WaveM); // radius of wave washer bend
    echo(str("Wave washer bend radius: ",BendRad));
    SpacerID = WaveOD + 2.0;
    SpacerThick = 2*ThreadThick;
    NumSides = 12*4;
    $fn = NumSides;
    //———————-
    // Useful routines
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
    h=Height,
    $fn=Sides);
    }
    //———————-
    // Parts
    module Upper() {
    difference() {
    cylinder(d1=WasherOD,d2=(WasherOD – 2.0),h=WasherThick);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    intersection() {
    PolyCyl(8.2,2.0,8);
    cube([(6.0 + HoleWindage),10,2*WasherThick],center=true);
    }
    translate([-(WaveOD + 1.0)/2,0,BendRad])
    rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(0*180/16)
    PolyCyl(BendRad*2,(WaveOD + 1),16);
    }
    }
    module Spacer() {
    difference() {
    cylinder(d=WasherOD,h=SpacerThick);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    cylinder(d=SpacerID,h=2*SpacerThick);
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Build it!
    if (Layout == "Show") {
    translate([0,0,SpacerThick])
    color("Cyan")
    Upper();
    color("LightCyan")
    Spacer();
    }
    if (Layout == "Build") {
    translate([-0.6*WasherOD,0,0])
    Upper();
    translate([0.6*WasherOD,0,0])
    Spacer();
    }