The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Category: Science

If you measure something often enough, it becomes science

  • HP 7475A Plotter: Full-up Sakura Micron Pen Tests

    The HP 7475A plotter comes with a transparent smoke-brown plastic flip-up lid covering the carousel and pen holder, presumably to keep dust and fingers out of the moving parts. That lid also has has the side effect of limiting the pen length, presumably because HP didn’t want the 7475A to eat into their large-format plotter market. In any event, removing the lid leaves another barrier to longer pens: the rugged plastic case between the carousel and the pen holder.

    Well, seeing as how this puppy has been fully depreciated, a bit of pull saw work opened that opportunity:

    HP 7475A - long pen case cut
    HP 7475A – long pen case cut

    Despite appearances, all six Sakura Micron pens emerge vertical & parallel from their adapters in the carousel:

    HP 7475A - Sakura 01 and 005 pens in carousel
    HP 7475A – Sakura 01 and 005 pens in carousel

    They pass neatly through the new channel:

    HP 7475A - cover mod for long pens
    HP 7475A – cover mod for long pens

    And produce reasonable lines, with motion blur catching the pen holder in the midst of a pen-up / pen-down twitch:

    HP7475A - Sakura Micro Pen Adapter - self-test plot
    HP7475A – Sakura Micro Pen Adapter – self-test plot

    That’s from an earlier test, before I sawed the slot in the case, with all the machinery behind the pen holder in full view.

    The test plot, with the proper pen colors and widths loaded in the carousel, looks pretty good:

    HP7475A - Sakura Micro Pens - self-test plot
    HP7475A – Sakura Micro Pens – self-test plot

    The pen holder wasn’t intended to support a long pen, so that shaft tends to torque the pen tip out of position, particularly while drawing characters:

    HP 7475A - long black pen - misalignment
    HP 7475A – long black pen – misalignment

    The various pen tips don’t all point to the same place:

    HP 7475A - long RGBK pen misalignment
    HP 7475A – long RGBK pen misalignment

    That could be non-concentric pen adapters, misalignment in the pen holder, or slightly off-center pen nibs. The offsets between the colors remains consistent in all the bar-chart columns, so the pen adapters aren’t shifting in the holder.

    The worst-case error between bar-chart rectangles amounts to 0.5 mm parallel to the pen holder motion and 0.8 mm parallel to the paper motion. In round numbers, the pen tip is 30 mm from the flange, so moving it 0.5 mm to the side tips the pen 1°. The flange is 17 mm OD, which means a 1° tilt raises one edge by 0.3 mm or both edges by ±0.15 mm. Given a 0.25 mm 3D printed thread thickness, that’s certainly within reach of a random plastic blob.

    Looking closely at the printed-and-glued flange shows plenty of room for misunderstanding betwixt pen and holder, even after cleaning off all that PETG hair:

    HP7475A - Sakura Micro Pen Adapter - vs HP pen
    HP7475A – Sakura Micro Pen Adapter – vs HP pen

    Given that the Sakura pens aren’t intended for this application, a slight tip misalignment due to body molding tolerances isn’t unreasonable; a perfect adapter might not solve the problem.

    The HP maintenance manual lists a BASIC program to produce a test plot that verifies pen alignment, although the prospect of transliterating 2+ pages of quoted strings from a scanned document doesn’t fill me with desire.

  • MakerGear M2: Platform Z-axis Switch Repeatability

    Having run off four quick prints with identical settings, I measured the thickness of the skirt threads around each object:

    Skirt Thread Consistency
    Skirt Thread Consistency

    They’re all slightly thicker than the nominal 0.25 mm layer thickness, but centered within ±0.02 mm of the average 0.27 mm. Tweaking the G92 offset in the startup G-Code by 0.02 would fix that.

    The 0.29 mm skirt surrounded the first object, which had a truly cold start: 14 °C ambient in the Basement Laboratory. After that, they’re pretty much identical.

    Some informal measurements over a few days suggests the actual repeatability might be  ±0.05 mm, which is Good Enough for layers around 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

    The larger skirt suggests that the platform has a slight tilt, but the caliper resolution is only 0.01 mm.

    When I realigned everything after installing the V4 hot end, the last set of thinwall boxes looked like this:

    Thinwall Calibration Cubes - 5 copies
    Thinwall Calibration Cubes – 5 copies

    Their heights were:

    4.96 5.01
    4.98
    4.91 4.92

    Not enough to worry about, in any event, sez I…

  • Monthly Science: Ground and Air Temperatures

    Looks like Spring really is on the way:

    Ground and Air Temperatures - 2015-03-31
    Ground and Air Temperatures – 2015-03-31

    The blue trace shows the groundwater temperature at the inlet pipe. The minimum values should be pretty close to the actual ground temperature about four feet down, which seems roughly constant at 37 °F for March.

    The black trace comes from a datalogger tucked in the dirt under the concrete patio, so it feels some air temperature variations, too.

    The red trace comes from the datalogger dangling in the well pit in the back yard, directly under one of the vent holes, so it’s recording the air temperature in a below-grade chamber.

    The green trace shows the attic air temperature, which is strongly influenced by sun on the (white) asphalt shingle roof. That said, the air temperature gets a lot lower than any of the below-grade loggers; it’s fair to say they’re recording something fairly close to the actual ground temperature.

  • Backyard Turkey Flock

    The turkey flock that normally lives along the Wappingers Creek valley, downslope from the back yard, has emerged for the ritual spring foraging:

    Turkey flock - 0
    Turkey flock – 0

    And posturing:

    Turkey flock - 1
    Turkey flock – 1

    And just moseying around:

    Turkey flock - 2
    Turkey flock – 2

    You can match the trees and identify some duplicated birds, but the flock seems stable around a dozen. They used to deploy skirmish lines upwards of two dozen bird and we’ve recently counted 19; we think foxes have been encouraging better control of wandering chicks.

    Turkeys are good folks…

  • Backyard Deer Herd

    One deer might be cute:

    Deer Herd - outlier
    Deer Herd – outlier

    But the rest of the herd makes up for it:

    Deer Herd - main
    Deer Herd – main

    You’ll note the complete lack of understory vegetation; the only remaining plants can withstand continuous deer browsing. Deer have clipped all of the evergreens five feet off the ground, even through they don’t normally eat evergreens…

    In fact, there’s no new tree growth in the Hudson Valley, because tree seedlings don’t stand a chance.

  • Monthly Image: Too Much Snow Again

    Thirteen months ago, that round table had self-enclosed:

    Snow on patio - 2014-02-14
    Snow on patio – 2014-02-14

    We don’t have a good picture of the square table, but it had that same crater open to the central hole.

    Other pictures show the topmost 14+ inches from that storm consisted of lovely, fluffy snow that cleared well, although I’d have settled for a bit less.

    It’s winter in the Northeast US. Snow happens on a regular basis. I enjoy the shapes, not the shoveling…

  • Hobo Datalogger vs. Hacked AA Alkaline Battery

    The AA battery pack grafted onto the back of the Hobo datalogger recording groundwater temperature showed a 50% level during its most recent dump, so I swapped in a pair of new AA cells.

    The pack hack dates back to 2009-09 and the Duracell Ultra cells have a “best used by” date of March 2013. Call it 5.5 years of service and, figuring an average current of 10 μA, that’s a total of 480 mA·h.

    The datasheet shows many graphs at much higher currents, but a capacity of 3500 mA·h to 0.80 V at 5 mA seems pretty close. Given that they produce 2.87 V with no load, they’re still in decent shape.

    However, the logger’s opinion of their voltage is what counts. To estimate that number, I checked the reports from the attic: the death planet for lithium cells.

    Starting with an old Energizer failing after a few hours in December:

    Attic - Insulated Box - Early battery failure
    Attic – Insulated Box – Early battery failure

    Two new Maxell CR2032 lithium cells also had trouble, with the first reporting a low voltage in January:

    Attic - Insulated Box - Maxell battery failure
    Attic – Insulated Box – Maxell battery failure

    The second in February:

    Attic - Insulated Box - Maxell battery low - 2015-02-25
    Attic – Insulated Box – Maxell battery low – 2015-02-25

    I think the Maxell cells failed from low temperature, but dead cell is dead.

    That happens just above 2.85 V, so the attic datalogger now carries an AA alkaline battery pack.