The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Category: Machine Shop

Mechanical widgetry

  • HP 7475A Plotter: Ceramic Tip Pen Autopsy

    It turns out that the ceramic-tip plotter pens don’t come apart at the top of the flange as I expected. Instead, there’s a snug-fitting plug with a tapered top and an invisible joint at the end of the body tube:

    HP7475A Plotter - ceramic pen - disassembled
    HP7475A Plotter – ceramic pen – disassembled

    Refilling a pair of defunct black ceramic pens didn’t bring them back to life: an ample supply of fresh black ink never made it from the fluff to the nib. Soaking the nibs + fiber shafts in 10% ethanol for a day created an unappetizing black vodka shot that did nothing to get the ink where it needed to be.

    The right time to refill those pens would have been, oh, probably a decade or two ago…

    Some stuff, you just gotta throw out!

  • DC Motor Mounting Plate

    The Squidwrench Power Wheels Racer needed a mounting bracket for its DC motor, so Matt handed me a precut steel slab and some drawings. I did a manual layout to get a feel for the sizes:

    Motor Mount - dye layout
    Motor Mount – dye layout

    Yes, it’s slightly rhomboid & irregular on the sides; it’ll be welded to a U-channel. The front edge is the straightest and I scribed a perpendicular datum line over on the right, from which to measure the motor center point.

    But then, realizing I’d have to mill the central hole anyway, I did what I should have done from the beginning and lined it up on the Sherline:

    Motor Mount - Sherline laser centering
    Motor Mount – Sherline laser centering

    With the part zeroed at the center, everything has polar coordinates. The bolt holes are #10 on a 50 mm BCD, which is G0 @25^[45+90*i]. Rather than writing & debugging a program, I did it all by feeding manual instructions into the interpreter; the i gets typed as 0, 1, 2, and 3 by clicking on a previous command, backspacing, and retyping, which is both faster and easier than it sounds. The holes are drill cycles: G81 Z-7 R1 F30

    This being steel on a Sherline, the rule of thumb that says you can drill at 100x the drill diameter (in inch/min or mm/min, as appropriate) at 3000 RPM gets derated by at least factor of 10. I settled on 30 mm/min for a #10 drill (0.194 inch = 4.9 mm → 500 mm/min = hogwash) after trying the first hole at 50 mm/min:

    Motor Mount - bolt holes
    Motor Mount – bolt holes

    The least horrible way to cut out the hole for the motor mounting boss involved chain drilling to excavate the most steel with the least effort. These center drill points are at G0 @14 ^[15*i] with i in [0..23]:

    Motor Mount - chain center drilling
    Motor Mount – chain center drilling

    I drilled every even hole #27, then every odd hole #28, both at 50 mm/min, to get a thin web:

    Motor Mount - chain drilled
    Motor Mount – chain drilled

    Then helix-mill downward with a 1/8 inch end mill at 1 mm per pass:

    Motor Mount - helix milling
    Motor Mount – helix milling

    That started at 14 mm from the origin to match the hole circle: G3 I-14 F100 Z-1

    Then I switched to a 3/8 inch = 9.5 mm end mill to bring the hole up to size, ending with G3 I-12.75 F300

    Motor Mount - center hole milled
    Motor Mount – center hole milled

    A trial fit showed the hole was slightly off-round, probably due to a few mils of backlash in both axes, and slightly too small, because that’s how I wanted it. Flipped back-to-front, reclamped, recentered, ran the cutter around at 12.75 mm to clear the ovalness, then crept out to 12.8 mm, and it was all good:

    Motor Mount - test fit
    Motor Mount – test fit

    That’s an easy fit with maybe 0.1 mm = 4 mil radial play around the boss. Better than that, I cannot do.

    Lacquer thinner stripped the layout dye and it’s ready for welding:

    Motor Mount - with motor
    Motor Mount – with motor

    Reminders for next time…

    The drill feed on a rigid machine with plenty of spindle power is 100 x (drill dia) @ 3000 RPM. On the Sherline, in steel, 10 x dia is optimistic. Aluminum feeds run higher, but don’t get stupid.

    Re-centering to the accuracy required for this job is a matter of noting the coordinates where the cutter kisses the perimeter across a diameter along each axis, adding the coordinates, dividing by two, moving to that position, and zeroing the origin. Do that in X, Y, X, and Y and it’s good enough. You could automate that with a touch probe, of course. Hand-turning the spindle with the cutter in place to feel it kiss the workpiece is fine, but use the same cutting edge on both sides of the diameter.

    Figure the chain drill diameter thusly:

    • Pick a reasonable drill diameter; #10 is about as large as you want on a Sherline
    • Drill circle dia = final milled hole diameter – drill dia – 2 mm, round down to lower integer
    • # holes = π x DCD / drill dia, rounded down to lower integer
    • Hole angle = 360 / # holes
    • Hole radius = DCD / 2

    Wisely is it written that a man with a CNC milling machine has many friends.

  • HP 7475A Plotter: Refilled Pen Performance

    Squirting brightly colored CMY ink mixes into an assortment of not-quite-dead-yet plotter pens produced reasonable results:

    CMYK Refilled Pens - plot overview
    CMYK Refilled Pens – plot overview

    The blotches on the legend in the lower left corner show that a refilled plotter pen can accumulate a droplet of ink around its nib, which should come as no surprise. I wiped off the excess immediately after refilling each pen, let the assortment sit for a few hours to (presumably) let the new ink reach the nib, and wiped them off before inserting them in the plotter’s pen carousel. All I can say is that I used up a bunch of paper towels in the process…

    A closer look at the plot shows Pretty Good If You Ask Me results:

    CMYK Refilled Pens - plot detail
    CMYK Refilled Pens – plot detail

    The two blue-ish pens have less flow than the others, resulting in dotted lines that should be continuous. As nearly as I can tell, that’s a function of how much OEM ink has solidified in the fiber nib and, most likely, the fiber rod that draws ink from the sponge reservoir inside the body.

    And, of course, the colors produced by adding CMY printer ink to the surviving OEM ink aren’t found in any catalog. I’m also blithely ignoring the difference between the inks inside plotter pens intended for paper and those for overhead transparencies; at this late date, that’s defined to Not Matter.

  • HP 7475A Plotter: Pen Refilling Station

    A place to store your vials of blended inkjet juice, plus a workstation for the plotter pen you’re refilling and that ink vial up front:

    HP7475A Plotter Pen Refilling Station
    HP7475A Plotter Pen Refilling Station

    The two pen holders accommodate ordinary fiber-tip pens and ceramic-tip pens. The slot along the front lets you keep track of the ink level, not that there’s much danger of running dry at 0.05 ml per refill from a vial holding 1 ml of blended ink. The big flange makes it harder for me to knock the damn thing over; avoiding an ink spill, even when you have a towel underneath, is a Good Thing.

    The Slic3r tool path preview shows off the Hilbert Curve top & bottom infill:

    Plotter Pen Refill Vial Holder - Slic3r preview
    Plotter Pen Refill Vial Holder – Slic3r preview

    The OpenSCAD source code:

    // HP7475A Plotter Pen Refill Station
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU - August 2015
    
    //- Extrusion parameters - must match reality!
    
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    
    Protrusion = 0.1;
    
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {			// based on nophead's polyholes
    
      Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    
      FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    
      cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
               h=Height,
    	   $fn=Sides);
    }
    
    
    //------
    // Dimensions
    
    WallThick = 6*ThreadWidth;
    BaseThick = IntegerMultiple(1.0,ThreadThick);
    
    VialOD = 8.0;
    VialOC = VialOD + WallThick;
    
    VialArray = [4,4];			// number of vials in each direction
    
    PenOD = [14.7,11.7];			// regular fiber pen body, ceramic *cap* dia
    NumPens = len(PenOD);			// really works for just two pens...
    PenLength = 38;
    FlangeOD = 18;
    
    echo(str("Max pen OD: ",max(PenOD)));
    echo(str("Number of pens: ",len(PenOD)));
    
    Holder = [(VialOC*VialArray[0] + WallThick),(VialOC*VialArray[1] + 2*FlangeOD + WallThick),(3*VialOD + BaseThick)];
    HolderRound = 5.0;
    
    //- Build it
    
    	difference() {
    
    		union() {
    			hull() {
    				for (i=[-1,1], j=[-1,1]) {
    					translate([i*(Holder[0]/2 - HolderRound),j*(Holder[1]/2 - HolderRound),0])
    						cylinder(r=HolderRound,h=Holder[2],$fn=8*4);
    				}
    			}
    			
    			hull() {
    				for (i=[-1,1], j=[-1,1]) {
    					translate([i*Holder[1]/2,j*(Holder[1]/2 - HolderRound),0])
    						cylinder(r=HolderRound,h=BaseThick,$fn=8*4);
    				}
    			}
    			
    			for (i=[0:len(PenOD) - 1])
    				translate([(i*Holder[0]/2 - Holder[0]/4),-Holder[1]/4,BaseThick]) {		// spacing is a total hack
    					rotate(180/12)
    						cylinder(d=FlangeOD,h=PenLength,$fn=3*4);
    				}
    		}
    		
    		for (i=[0:VialArray[0] - 1] , j=[0:VialArray[1] - 1]) {
    			vx = i*VialOC - (VialOC*(VialArray[0] - 1)/2);
    			vy = j*VialOC - (VialOC*(VialArray[1] - 1)/2) + FlangeOD;
    			translate([vx,vy,BaseThick])
    				rotate(180/8)
    					PolyCyl(VialOD,Holder[2],8);
    		}
    		
    		translate([0,(VialOD/2 - Holder[1]/2),BaseThick])
    			rotate(180/8)
    				PolyCyl(VialOD,Holder[2],8);										// edges along open side => snug fit
    		
    		for (i=[0:len(PenOD) - 1])
    			translate([(i*Holder[0]/2 - Holder[0]/4),-Holder[1]/4,BaseThick]) {		// spacing is a total hack
    				rotate(180/12)
    					PolyCyl(PenOD[i],(PenLength + Protrusion),3*4);
    			}
    		
    	}
    

    Mostly because I can…

  • HP 7475A Plotter: CMY Ink Mixes

    Mixing bulk inkjet printer inks produces pretty colors:

    CMY Printer Ink Mixes - backlit
    CMY Printer Ink Mixes – backlit

    The small spots show the colors on paper (with the vials in a different order):

    CMY Printer Ink Mixes - paper spots
    CMY Printer Ink Mixes – paper spots

    Three of those vials contain the original CMY inks, taken from a trio of small generic inkjet refill bottles.

    Mixing 1:1 ratios of two inks produces the expected red / blue / green primaries.

    Six other colors came from 2:1 blends of two inks and, except maybe for that purple over on the right of the top picture, aren’t worth the aggravation; plotter drawings don’t score higher for having a rich color palette.

    In principle, I could dilute the mixes with water (alcohol? vodka?) to produce less saturated colors, but for plotter ink absolutely nothing exceeds like excess.

    The CMY and 1:1 (= 0.5 ml each) vials should contain 1.0 ml and the 2:1 vials hold 0.9 ml (= 0.3 + 0.6 ml), but I didn’t sweat the small stuff and there was some, ah, spillage along the way.

    The vials are 1.5 ml perfume sample vials from the usual eBay supplier: 50 of the things (with 10 squeezy plastic 3 ml pipettes) set me back nine bucks delivered. Refilling a plotter pen requires maybe 0.05 ml, so each vial holds 20-ish refills with plenty of headroom.

    Uncapping and recapping the vials inside a towel makes a lot of sense; the ink makes its way between the cap and vial, creeps up to the lip, and spatters as the lid snaps closed. Fortunately, that t-shirt was getting on toward worn out…

    Memo to Self: Do not fiddle with magenta ink immediately before chopping the supper vegetables.

  • Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron Holder

    Mary flattens seam allowances and prepares appliqué pieces with a Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron. The stand resembles the wire gadgets that came with soldering irons, back in the day:

    Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron - Clover holder
    Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron – Clover holder

    That stand may be suitable on a workbench, but it’s perilously unstable on an ironing board. After fiddling around for a while and becoming increasingly frustrated with it, she asked for a secure holder that wouldn’t fall over and perhaps had a heat shield around the hot end.

    I ran off a quick prototype to verify my measurements and provide a basis for further discussion:

    Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron - Level holder
    Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron – Level holder

    I proposed screwing that holder to a rectangle of leftover countertop extending under the hot end, with a U-shaped heat shield extending upward to keep fingers and fabric away from the blade. She decided the countertop might be entirely too heavy and the heat shield might be too confining, so she suggested just angling the iron upward and adding a flat platform to stabilize it.

    Her wish being my command:

    Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron - Angled holder
    Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron – Angled holder

    I’m still not convinced that having the hot end up in the air is a Good Thing, but she thinks it’s worth trying as-is. A pair of 10-32 screw holes under each end will let it mount to a base board, should that becomes necessary.

    I’ll stick a foam sheet under the platform so it doesn’t slide around. The cord normally dangles downward off the side of the ironing board or work table, so the iron won’t get up and walk away, but it might pull the whole affair toward the edge.

    Because OpenSCAD now includes a text() function, engraving her name in the platform turned out to be no big deal:

    Clover Mini Iron Holder - model
    Clover Mini Iron Holder – model

    I should fill the letters with JB Weld epoxy darkened with laser printer toner (who knew?) to make them stand out. They’re more conspicuous in person than in the picture, so maybe it doesn’t matter.

    The slots holding the iron have a semicircular bottom and straight-wall sides, created by extruding hulled 2D shapes, arranging them along the iron’s central axis, and tilting the “iron” at the appropriate angle:

    Clover Mini Iron Holder - solid model showing iron
    Clover Mini Iron Holder – solid model showing iron

    That’s a 10° tilt, chosen because it looked right. The model recomputes itself around the key dimensions, so we can raise / lower the iron, change the angle, and so forth and so on, as needed.

    Assuming that a hot end sticking out in mid-air isn’t too awful, this one looks like a keeper.

    The OpenSCAD source code:

    // Clover MCI-900 Mini Iron holder
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU - August 2015
    
    Layout = "Holder";					// Iron Holder
    
    //- Extrusion parameters - must match reality!
    
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    
    Protrusion = 0.1;
    
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    
    inch = 25.4;
    
    Tap10_32 = 0.159 * inch;
    Clear10_32 = 0.190 * inch;
    Head10_32 = 0.373 * inch;
    Head10_32Thick = 0.110 * inch;
    Nut10_32Dia = 0.433 * inch;
    Nut10_32Thick = 0.130 * inch;
    Washer10_32OD = 0.381 * inch;
    Washer10_32ID = 0.204 * inch;
    
    //------
    // Dimensions
    
    CornerRadius = 4.0;
    
    CenterHeight = 25;							// center at cord inlet on body
    
    BodyLength = 110;							// cord inlet to body curve at front flange
    
    Incline = 10;								// central angle slope
    
    FrontOD = 29;
    FrontBlock = [20,1.5*FrontOD + 2*CornerRadius,FrontOD/2 + CenterHeight + BodyLength*sin(Incline)];
    
    CordOD = 10;
    CordLen = 10;
    
    RearOD = 22;
    RearBlock = [15 + CordLen,1.5*RearOD + 2*CornerRadius,RearOD/2 + CenterHeight];
    
    PlateWidth = 2*FrontBlock[1];
    
    TextDepth = 3*ThreadThick;
    
    ScrewOC = BodyLength - FrontBlock[0]/2;
    ScrewDepth = CenterHeight - FrontOD/2 - 5;
    
    echo(str("Screw OC: ",ScrewOC));
    
    BuildSize = [200,250,200];					// largest possible thing
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {			// based on nophead's polyholes
    
      Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    
      FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    
      cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
               h=Height,
    	   $fn=Sides);
    }
    
    // Trim bottom from child object
    
    module TrimBottom(BlockSize=BuildSize,Slice=CornerRadius) {
    	
    	intersection() {
    		translate([0,0,BlockSize[2]/2])
    			cube(BlockSize,center=true);
    		translate([0,0,-Slice])
    			children();
    	}
    }
    
    // Build a rounded block-like thing
    
    module RoundBlock(Size=[20,25,30],Radius=CornerRadius,Center=false) {
    	
    	HS = Size/2 - [Radius,Radius,Radius];
    	translate([0,0,Center ? 0 : (HS[2] + Radius)])
    	hull() {
    		for (i=[-1,1], j=[-1,1], k=[-1,1]) {
    			translate([i*HS[0],j*HS[1],k*HS[2]])
    				sphere(r=Radius,$fn=4*4);
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    // Create a channel to hold something
    // This will eventually be subtracted from a block
    // The offsets are specialized for this application...
    
    module Channel(Dia,Length) {
    	
    	rotate([0,90,0])
    		linear_extrude(height=Length)
    			rotate(90)
    				hull() {
    					for (i=[-1,1])
    						translate([i*Dia,2*Dia])
    							circle(d=Dia/8);
    					circle(d=Dia,$fn=8*4);
    				}
    }
    
    // Iron-shaped series of channels to be removed from blocks
    
    module IronCutout() {
    
    	union() {
    		translate([-2*CordLen,0,0])
    			Channel(CordOD,2*CordLen + Protrusion);
    		Channel(RearOD,RearBlock[0] + Protrusion);
    		translate([BodyLength - FrontBlock[0]/2 - FrontBlock[0],0,0])
    			Channel(FrontOD,2*FrontBlock[0]);
    
    	}
    	
    }
    
    //- Build it
    
    if (Layout == "Iron")
    	IronCutout();
    
    if (Layout == "Holder")
    	difference() {
    		union() {
    			translate([(BodyLength + CordLen)/2 - CordLen,0,0])
    				TrimBottom()
    					RoundBlock(Size=[(CordLen + BodyLength),PlateWidth,CornerRadius]);
    
    			translate([(RearBlock[0]/2 - CordLen),0,0])
    				TrimBottom()
    					RoundBlock(Size=RearBlock);
    
    			translate([BodyLength - FrontBlock[0]/2,0,0]) {
    				TrimBottom()
    					RoundBlock(Size=FrontBlock);
    			}
    		}
    		
    		translate([0,0,CenterHeight])
    			rotate([0,-Incline,0])
    				IronCutout();
    		
    		translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    			PolyCyl(Tap10_32,ScrewDepth + Protrusion,6);
    			
    		translate([ScrewOC,0,-Protrusion])
    			PolyCyl(Tap10_32,ScrewDepth + Protrusion,6);
    
    		translate([(RearBlock[0] - CordLen) + BodyLength/2 - FrontBlock[0],0,CornerRadius - TextDepth]) {
    			
    			translate([0,10,0])
    				linear_extrude(height=TextDepth + Protrusion,convexity=1)		// rendering glitches for convexity > 1
    					text("Mary",font="Ubuntu:style=Bold Italic",halign="center",valign="center");
    					
    			translate([0,-10,0])
    				linear_extrude(height=TextDepth + Protrusion,convexity=1)		// rendering glitches for convexity > 1
    				text("Nisley",font="Ubuntu:style=Bold Italic",halign="center",valign="center");
    		}
    		
    	}
    

    The M2 buzzed away for four hours on that puppy, with the first 2½ hours devoted to building the platform. That’s the downside of applying Hilbert Curve infill to two big flat surfaces, but the texture looks really good.

  • The End of Tire Liners

    This marks the end of my infatuation with tire liners:

    Schwalbe 20 inch tube - tire liner damage
    Schwalbe 20 inch tube – tire liner damage

    There seems to be no way to eliminate tube erosion at the end of the liner. I’ve tried tapering the thickness, taping the joint, and so forth and so on.

    Fortunately, the tire went flat in the garage and I did a quick swap before our morning ride.

    Searching for tire liner will reveal the rest of the stories, both good and bad.