The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Tag: Sewing

Fabric arts and machines

  • AC Interface Chassis Mounting Clips

    The Dell GX270 system board mounts on a tray, latching into small tabs, with a single screw locking it in place. The tray then slides into the metal EMI shield / case, latching onto more tabs, with a spring-loaded pair of tabs snapping into a slot under the green latch:

    Optiplex GX270 - system board tray
    Optiplex GX270 – system board tray

    All that is well and good for a mass-production PC system board, but poses a problem for mounting anything else: there’s no room for screw heads below the tray, adhesives really don’t bond to slightly flexible aluminum sheets, and I definitely can’t do large-scale precision metal bending.

    So a cheat seems in order. The general idea is to support a 6 mm polycarbonate sheet on clips that slide under the small tabs along the front, support the sheet on the rear tabs, and secure it with the screw. That’s thick enough to allow tapping holes for mounting screws, so everything else can mount to the sheet.

    The sheet fits around the power supply on the right, protrudes over the rear of the tray to the back of the case (with a recess around the green latch), and clears the hinge assembly on the left. There are no dimensions, as it’s all done by eye with the Joggy Thing.

    AC Chassis Shaping
    AC Chassis Shaping

    A drive bay EMI plug from a long-discarded PC provided some nice springy steel strips that slide neatly under those tray tabs:

    Drive EMI shield
    Drive EMI shield

    That actually took a bit of trial-and-error:

    AC Chassis mounting brackets - practice makes perfect
    AC Chassis mounting brackets – practice makes perfect

    My first attempts used slightly thicker steel that didn’t fit nearly as well, plus I wasn’t quite sure how wide they should be.

    As with nearly all plastic doodads around here, the white plastic mounting clips / brackets come from the M2:

    Chassis Clips
    Chassis Clips

    The two brackets in the middle of the solid model slide around the tabs at the rear corners of the tray and capture the bent-over top section below the polycarbonate sheet.

    The strip in the rear goes around the screws holding the heatsink to the sheet; more on that later.

    The PLA brackets get themselves glued to the sheet with IPS #4 solvent adhesive, a hellish mixture of chlorinated hydrocarbons that attacks most plastics with gleeful enthusiasm. I positioned the brackets on the tray, slobbered adhesive on their tops, slapped the polycarbonate sheet in place, and applied clamps:

    AC Chassis - gluing bracket blocks
    AC Chassis – gluing bracket blocks

    The final bonds weren’t as uniform as I’d like, but they seem rugged enough. The lip along the rear of the tray was slightly higher on the left edge, which may have interfered with the clamping pressure; it’s obviously not a controlled dimension.

    The tapped holes in the sheet accommodate screws for various bits & pieces.

    All in all, that worked out pretty well…

    The OpenSCAD source code:

    // AC Interface sheet mounting brackets
    // Ed Nisley - KE4ZNU - August 2014
    
    Layout = "Build";		// FrontClip RearClip HeatSink Build
    
    Gap = 5.0;					// between Build objects
    
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    
    ThreadThick = 0.20;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    
    HoleWindage = 0.2;			// extra clearance
    
    Protrusion = 0.1;			// make holes end cleanly
    
    AlignPinOD = 1.70;			// assembly alignment pins: filament dia
    
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    
    //----------------------
    // Dimensions
    
    FC_Block = [45.0,30.0,IntegerMultiple(5.6,ThreadThick)];
    FC_Retainer = [15.5,9.0,3.0,15.0];					// central section: L,W,H, inset from front
    
    RC_Block = [30.0,25.0,IntegerMultiple(5.6,ThreadThick)];
    RC_RecessOffset = [9.0,5.0,IntegerMultiple(4.8,ThreadThick)];	// X,Y,thickness
    RC_SlotWidth = 2.5;
    
    HS_Insulation = [80.0,16.0,2.5];
    HS_Hole = [8.0,40.0];					// screw clearance dia,on-center
    
    //----------------------
    // Useful routines
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {			// based on nophead's polyholes
    
      Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    
      FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    
      cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
               h=Height,
               $fn=Sides);
    }
    
    module ShowPegGrid(Space = 10.0,Size = 1.0) {
    
      RangeX = floor(100 / Space);
      RangeY = floor(125 / Space);
    
    	for (x=[-RangeX:RangeX])
    	  for (y=[-RangeY:RangeY])
    		translate([x*Space,y*Space,Size/2])
    		  %cube(Size,center=true);
    
    }
    
    //----------------------
    // Front clips
    
    module FrontClip() {
    
    	difference() {
    		translate([0,0,FC_Block[2]/2])
    			cube(FC_Block,center=true);
    
    		translate([0,(FC_Retainer[3] - FC_Block[1]/2),(FC_Retainer[2] + FC_Block[2]/2)])
    			cube([(FC_Block[0] - 12*ThreadWidth),FC_Retainer[1],FC_Block[2]],center=true);
    
    		translate([0,FC_Retainer[3] - FC_Retainer[1]/2,FC_Block[2]/2])
    			cube([FC_Retainer[0],FC_Block[1],2*FC_Block[2]],center=true);
    	}
    
    }
    
    //----------------------
    // Rear clips
    
    module RearClip(Hand="Left") {
    
    HandSign = (Hand == "Left") ? -1 : 1;
    
    	difference() {
    		translate([0,0,RC_Block[2]/2])
    			cube(RC_Block,center=true);
    
    		translate([0,RC_RecessOffset[1],RC_RecessOffset[2] + RC_Block[2]/2])
    			cube([RC_Block[0] - 2*RC_RecessOffset[0],
    				  RC_Block[1],
    				  RC_Block[2]],center=true);
    
    		translate([HandSign*(RC_Block[0]/2 - RC_RecessOffset[0]),
    				   RC_RecessOffset[1],
    				   0])
    			cube([RC_SlotWidth,RC_Block[1],3*RC_Block[2]],center=true);
    
    	}
    
    }
    
    //----------------------
    // Heatsink bumper
    
    module HeatSink() {
    
    	difference() {
    		translate([0,0,HS_Insulation[2]/2])
    			cube(HS_Insulation,center=true);
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])
    		translate([x*HS_Hole[1]/2,0,-HS_Insulation[2]])
    			PolyCyl(HS_Hole[0],3*HS_Insulation[2],8);
    	}
    
    }
    
    ShowPegGrid();
    
    if (Layout == "FrontClip") {
    	FrontClip();
    }
    
    if (Layout == "RearClip") {
    	RearClip("Left");
    }
    
    if (Layout == "HeatSink") {
    	HeatSink();
    }
    
    if (Layout == "Build") {
    	for (x=[-1,1]) {
    		translate([x*(Gap + FC_Block[0])/2,(Gap + FC_Block[1])/2,0])
    			FrontClip();
    		translate([x*(Gap + RC_Block[0])/2,-(Gap + RC_Block[1])/2,0])
    			RearClip((x == -1) ? "Left" : "Right");
    	}
    	translate([0,-(RC_Block[1] + HS_Insulation[1]/2 + 3*Gap/2),0])
    		HeatSink();
    }
    
  • IEC Power Socket Mount

    The original Kenmore Model 158 sewing machine used a two-wire line cord:

    Kenmore 158 - terminal block
    Kenmore 158 – terminal block

    In light of my modifications, grounding the frame seems prudent. The heap produced a long IEC extension cord with screw-mounting ears on the socket end that fit neatly into the GX270’s rear panel area occupied by two PCI cover plates, so a bit of Quality Shop Time seemed in order.

    The GX270’s carcass yielded a complex bit of sheet metal that held the hard drive and a few other odds & ends, with some clean right-angle bends in exactly the right places:

    Dell drive bracket - intact
    Dell drive bracket – intact

    Some bandsaw work removed the gimcrackery:

    Dell drive bracket - first bandsaw pass
    Dell drive bracket – first bandsaw pass

    More bandsawing produced a rough outline:

    Dell drive bracket - second bandsaw pass
    Dell drive bracket – second bandsaw pass

    Sawing to length, removing the small flanges, and squaring the sides:

    Dell drive bracket - squaring edges
    Dell drive bracket – squaring edges

    I traced the existing PCI cover tabs, bandsawed the outlines, and filed to suit:

    Dell drive bracket - basic outline
    Dell drive bracket – basic outline

    They look a bit ragged, but fit well enough:

    Dell drive bracket - trial fit - interior
    Dell drive bracket – trial fit – interior

    From the outside, it looks like it grew there:

    Dell drive bracket - trial fit - exterior
    Dell drive bracket – trial fit – exterior

    The divider between the PCI slots succumbed to tin snips and a bit of filing. The tabs climbing over the bottom edge come from the internal EMI shield covering the entire back surface.

    A bit of coordinate drilling and manual milling produced the IEC socket outline

    Dell drive bracket - drilling and milling
    Dell drive bracket – drilling and milling

    Which looks pretty good from the inside:

    Dell drive bracket - IEC socket - interior
    Dell drive bracket – IEC socket – interior

    And great from the outside, if I do say so myself:

    Dell drive bracket - IEC socket - exterior
    Dell drive bracket – IEC socket – exterior

    Match-drilling a #6 clearance hole below the hole in the clamp arm, then ramming a self-tapping case screw into it, provides a convenient grounding point for the sewing machine cord:

    IEC Socket Mount - ground screw
    IEC Socket Mount – ground screw

    The chassis lid has two matching holes for those screw heads, which would ordinarily hold the two PCI cards in place. I could remove the clamp arm, but it doesn’t get in the way of anything.

    I loves me some Sherline mill work…

  • Panel-mount Fuseholder Holder

    Under ordinary circumstances, a fuseholder mounts in a square-ish panel cutout, but there’s no convenient panel to be found in the repurposed GX270 case. So now there’s a holder for the fuseholder stuck to the side of the power supply inside the case:

    Fuseholder - installed
    Fuseholder – installed

    The square tube covers the entire fuseholder, with the quick-connect tabs protruding from the back, to provide enough surface area for the double-stick foam tape.

    Looking down into the solid model, you can see the reduced width near the back end:

    Fuseholder Holder
    Fuseholder Holder

    The black fuseholder contains a 5 A fast blow fuse, which should be entirely adequate for normal operation. In the event that a wire breaks loose and contacts the metal shell surrounding the whole chassis, it will pop instantly. That won’t disable the power supply, but it will remove line voltage from the entire motor controller chassis.

    Remember that the source power line goes to the center QC tab, thus burying the always-hot contact deep in the fuseholder.

    The OpenSCAD source code:

    // Fuseholder mount
    // Ed Nisley - KE4ZNU - August 2014
    
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    
    ThreadThick = 0.20;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    
    HoleWindage = 0.2;			// extra clearance
    
    Protrusion = 0.1;			// make holes end cleanly
    
    AlignPinOD = 1.70;			// assembly alignment pins: filament dia
    
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    
    //----------------------
    // Dimensions
    
    Shell = [25.0,25];						// outside = bezel size + some stiffening
    
    Mount = [17.3,15.7,21.0];					// mount section = slight compression in X
    Base = [13.5,15.7,17.0];					// clearance over crimped contact
    
    OAL = Mount[2] + Base[2];
    
    //----------------------
    // Useful routines
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {			// based on nophead's polyholes
    
      Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    
      FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    
      cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
               h=Height,
               $fn=Sides);
    }
    
    module ShowPegGrid(Space = 10.0,Size = 1.0) {
    
      RangeX = floor(100 / Space);
      RangeY = floor(125 / Space);
    
    	for (x=[-RangeX:RangeX])
    	  for (y=[-RangeY:RangeY])
    		translate([x*Space,y*Space,Size/2])
    		  %cube(Size,center=true);
    
    }
    
    //----------------------
    // Build it
    
    ShowPegGrid();
    
    difference() {
    	translate([0,0,OAL/2])
    		cube([Shell[0],Shell[1],OAL],center=true);
    	translate([0,0,Base[2] + Mount[2]/2])
    		cube(Mount + [0,0,2*Protrusion],center=true);
    	translate([0,0,Base[2]/2])
    		cube(Base + [0,0,2*Protrusion],center=true);
    }
    
  • ET227 Transistor Heatsink: Angled Blower Mount

    This angled ring fits under a repurposed CPU cooler:

    Blower Mount - solid model
    Blower Mount – solid model

    Viewed perpendicular to the angled surface, it’s a circle, so what looks like a vertical cylinder is actually slightly oval to make the top come out right. That way, the walls are vertical, not angled, and it doesn’t stand crooked on the base plate.

    Such a shape is trivially easy for a 3D printer:

    Blower mount - on build platform
    Blower mount – on build platform

    And looks about like you’d expect on the blower, which is why that surface must be a circle:

    Blower Mount - bottom view
    Blower Mount – bottom view

    A trial fit in the case, along with a bunch of parts I haven’t written up yet:

    Blower Mount - installed
    Blower Mount – installed

    Under normal circumstances, you’d want the blower a bit higher and level, but there just wasn’t anywhere else to fit the fuseholder. Besides, this way the airflow goes slightly upward toward the clearance over the top of that monster heatsink. Some air flows along the side of the heatsink to cool the isolated power supply you can’t quite see in the far corner of the chassis beyond that tangle of wires.

    The angle seems pretty close to right, although I must get the rest of the circuitry running to know if the airflow can actually transfer the heat from the heatsink out of the case.

    It doesn’t take much OpenSCAD source code to define the shape:

    // Blower mount
    // Ed Nisley - KE4ZNU - August 2014
    
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    
    ThreadThick = 0.20;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    
    HoleWindage = 0.2;			// extra clearance
    
    Protrusion = 0.1;			// make holes end cleanly
    
    AlignPinOD = 1.70;			// assembly alignment pins: filament dia
    
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    
    //----------------------
    // Dimensions
    
    MountOD = 85.0;						// a bit smaller than the housing OD
    
    MountID = 60.0;						// carve out to reduce printing time
    
    Base = 5.0;							// minimum thickness (allowing for some overhang)
    
    ElevationAngle = atan(20/90);		// net tilt across fan base
    
    ElevationDelta = MountOD * tan(ElevationAngle);
    
    echo(str("Elevation angle: ",ElevationAngle," delta: ",ElevationDelta));
    
    //----------------------
    // Useful routines
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {			// based on nophead's polyholes
    
      Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    
      FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    
      cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
               h=Height,
               $fn=Sides);
    }
    
    module ShowPegGrid(Space = 10.0,Size = 1.0) {
    
      RangeX = floor(100 / Space);
      RangeY = floor(125 / Space);
    
    	for (x=[-RangeX:RangeX])
    	  for (y=[-RangeY:RangeY])
    		translate([x*Space,y*Space,Size/2])
    		  %cube(Size,center=true);
    
    }
    
    //----------------------
    // Build it
    
    ShowPegGrid();
    
    difference() {
    	scale([1,cos(ElevationAngle),1])
    		cylinder(d=MountOD,h=Base + ElevationDelta);
    	translate([-MountOD,-MountOD/2,Base])
    		rotate([ElevationAngle,0,0])
    			cube([2*MountOD,2*MountOD,ElevationDelta],center=false);
    	translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    		cylinder(d=MountID,h=Base + 3*ElevationDelta);
    }
    
  • Current Sensing: Powered Iron Toroid

    Dell built the GX270 I’m repurposing back in 2004, early on in the capacitor plague years, but only one of the system board caps showed signs of leakage:

    Capacitor plague - 2004 Dell Edition
    Capacitor plague – 2004 Dell Edition

    While I was harvesting some of the connectors, it occurred to me that those powdered iron inductors might make good current sensors, as they’re already wound with heavy gauge copper wires.

    I picked an inductor with enough turns and, although slitting didn’t pose much of a problem, the saw did make a mess of the turns adjacent to the cut:

    Powdered iron toroid - slitting
    Powdered iron toroid – slitting

    Iron powder has more magnetic remnance than ferrite, to the extent that iron swarf clogged the gap. After the first pass, I ran the slit toroid through the degausser to shake it clean and see what damage had been done. It looked OK, so I realigned it on the saw blade and continued the mission, with all the dust vanishing into the vacuum cleaner’s snout.

    Removing the damaged sections left 22 turns. For comparison, I converted the 56 turn ferrite toroid into a 25 turn model by paralleling two 25 turn sections:

    Slit toroids - iron - ferrite
    Slit toroids – iron – ferrite

    The enamel wire on the iron toroid measures 40 mil diameter, close enough to 18 AWG.

    Paralleling two 24 AWG windings on the ferrite toroid produces twice the copper area of a single winding, so the resistance is the same as a single 21 AWG winding (3 AWG steps = factor of two area change). That’s three steps smaller than the 18 AWG on the iron toroid, so the resistance is a factor of two larger than the heavier wire.

    The paralleled winding has the advantage of reducing the power dissipation required to produce the same magnetic flux density, without the difficulty of winding heavier wire. That may not actually matter, given the relatively low currents required by the motor in normal operation.

    Wedging a Hall sensor into the gaps and stepping the current produced two useful graphs:

    Iron and ferrite toroids - Hall sensor output
    Iron and ferrite toroids – Hall sensor output

    The iron toroid has lower permittivity (less flux density for a given magnetizing force), which means the full-scale range exceeds 3 A and the useful range up to 1 A covers only 300 mV.

    The last point on the ferrite curve shows the Hall sensor output saturating just over 4 V, with 1.5 V of range.

    The slope, in mV/A

    • Powdered iron: 340
    • Ferrite: 540

    Boosting the slope of the powdered iron by 25/22 gives 386 mV/A, so the iron permeability really is 70% of the ferrite. That’s modulo the gap size, of course, which surely differs by enough to throw out all the significant digits.

    Obviously, an op amp circuit to remove the offset and rescale the output to 0-5 V will be in order.

    The previous graph for the ferrite toroid with the complete 56 turn winding shows, as expected, about twice the output of this 25 turn version:

    FT82-43 - 56 turns - 24 AWG
    FT82-43 – 56 turns – 24 AWG

    The linear part of that line is 1375 mV/A, although I can’t vouch that the data came from the same Hall effect sensor. Scaling it by 25/56 gives 613 mV/A, suggesting it’s not the same sensor.

    Having developed an emotional attachment to the ferrite toroid, I’ll use it in the first pass of the current feedback circuit. If the motor need a bit less sensitivity or lower resistance, the powdered iron toroid looks like a winner.

    Memo to self: Always degauss iron toroids before slitting!

  • Dell Optiplex GX270 Power Control PCB Connections

    The general idea is to gut an old Dell Optiplex GX270 and stuff the high-voltage parts of the sewing machine controller inside a well constructed and solidly grounded metal shield inside a not-too-ugly plastic box. It’d be nice to reuse the power control button and status LEDs on the front panel…

    The few parts on the front of the through-hole board:

    Dell Power Button PCB - component
    Dell Power Button PCB – component

    The copper side, with annotations:

    Dell Power Button PCB - copper
    Dell Power Button PCB – copper

    The red tracer on the ribbon cable goes to Pin 1, which is a blind key on the PCB.

    The LEDs do not have ballast resistors, so those must go on a circuit board somewhere else.

    The connections:

    16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
    Gnd nc nc nc nc HD+ HD- Button+
    Gnd nc Gnd Pwr Y+ Gnd Pwr G+ Gnd Key
    15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1

     

  • Dell Power Supply: Extracting Some AC

    The case from a Dell Optiplex GX270 will hold the Kenmore 158 sewing machine’s motor control electronics, because it has a well-grounded metal box inside the plastic shell that will protect fragile humans from line voltages. The GX270 power supply will suffice for the usual stuff, but the bridge rectifier, power transistor, and suchlike require a direct connection to the AC line.

    Rather than add another plug, I soldered a nice two-wire line cord to the IEC socket terminals inside the GX270’s power supply:

    Modified Dell power supply - interior
    Modified Dell power supply – interior

    The cord follows the IEC/EU standard color code:

    • Blue – neutral
    • Brown – hot

    The power supply follows the US standard color code:

    • White – neutral
    • Black – hot

    The nice thing about standard color codes: everybody can have one!

    The yellow cable tie anchors the cord to a metal tab that, when bent at right angles, provides a convenient exit from the power supply at exactly the right location:

    Modified Dell power supply - AC cord exit
    Modified Dell power supply – AC cord exit

    The power supply mounts with the label facing inward, directly adjacent to the PCI slot covers. The new cord emerges near the bottom, inside the recess that formerly accommodated the board.

    Definitely not UL approved, but we’re well beyond that stage anyway…