Prompted by scruss’s report of successfully “engraving” PLA, I had to try this:

It’s blue PETG-CF from the scrap box, done at 500 mm/s and 20% of a 60 W laser and came out looking really nice.
I did a pass at 10%, low enough that the laser barely fired, and the mark was, correspondingly, barely visible: no color change and only a slight depth. Obviously, you’d want to tune for best picture depending on whatever you were trying to achieve.
The results on black PETG, also from the scrap box, were somewhat less attractive:

That’s at 500 mm/s with power at 10% and 20, so the outcome definitely depends on the material. That surface was against the platform when it was printed on the Makergear M2, explaining the glossy smooth threads.
The other side was rougher and needed more power to punch a visible result into the plastic:

All in all, the PETG-CF result looks usable, particularly for small-ish annotations on a flat surface where full-on multimaterial printing would take forever without adding much value.