The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Category: Machine Shop

Mechanical widgetry

  • Wouxun KG-UV3D GPS+Voice Interface: Improved Case

    This case has a few refinements beyond that one, but it’s recognizably a descendant. The main changes:

    • The HT cable port on the side has a nice polygonal roof to reduce overhang
    • The serial connector sits in a recess to allow a thicker top plate
    • Smaller opening for the LEDs; I’ll get a window in this one, fer shure, yeah
    • 4-40 screws hold the base plate on; setscrews may work and look better

    Looks like I’ll be using blue filament for this version, having just discovered the last of the weird colors in the bottom of the 5 gallon bucket serving as a storage bin.

    A view from the top:

    Solid Model - Oblique Exploded Top
    Solid Model – Oblique Exploded Top

    And from the base:

    Solid Model - Oblique Exploded Base
    Solid Model – Oblique Exploded Base

    The OpenSCAD source code:

    // Wouxun KB-UV3D Battery Pack Case
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU July 2012
    
    include </home/ed/Thing-O-Matic/lib/MCAD/units.scad>
    include </home/ed/Thing-O-Matic/Useful Sizes.scad>
    
    // Layout options
    
    Layout = "Show";
    					// Overall layout: Fit Show
    					// Printing plates: Build1 .. Buildn (see bottom!)
    					// Parts: TT3 Audio DSub Shell Base Top
    					// Shapes: RadioBase Contact
    					// Speaker-mic mount: PlugPlate
    
    ShowGap = 10;		// spacing between parts in Show layout
    
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    //  Print with +1 shells and 3 solid layers
    
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 2.0 * ThreadThick;
    
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    
    Protrusion = 0.1;			// make holes end cleanly
    
    //----------------------
    // Dimensions
    
    CaseOverallHeight = 31.5;				// from battery surface, must clear PCBs!
    CaseOverallWidth = 56;
    CaseOverallLength = 80.25;				// inside of base to end of compartment
    
    BatteryClearance = 1.5;					// contact seal height = air gap to compartment
    
    // Interface to radio battery contacts
    //	Length = shell length
    //		calculated after everything else, so as to fill the compartment
    
    ContactDia = 6.0;				// use rounded contact for simplicity
    ContactRecess = IntegerMultiple(0.75,ThreadThick);	// recess for contact plate
    ContactGapX = 10.5;				// X space between contacts
    Contact1Y = 52.5;				// offset from base to edge of contact
    Contact2Y = 56.5;
    ContactStudDia = Clear4_40;
    ContactStudHead = IntegerMultiple(Head4_40,ThreadWidth);
    ContactStudHeadThick = Head4_40Thick;
    
    PlateWidthMin = 53.0;
    PlateWidthMax = 54.5;
    PlateThick = IntegerMultiple(ContactRecess + ContactStudHeadThick,ThreadThick);
    PlateAngle = atan(PlateThick/(PlateWidthMax/2 - PlateWidthMin/2));
    
    echo("Battery plate thick: ",PlateThick);
    
    // Offsets from battery surface to PCB centerlines
    //	TT3 must be above HT back shell for DB9 clearance
    //	These must cooperate with the numbers in the case shell module
    
    TT3Offset = 17.5 + PlateThick;
    AudioOffset = 4.0 + PlateThick;
    
    // Plate interface to base alignment holes and notches
    
    BaseWidthInner = PlateWidthMin;
    BaseWidthOuter = CaseOverallWidth;
    BaseLength = CaseOverallHeight;					// perpendicular to battery surface
    BaseThick = IntegerMultiple(1.0,ThreadThick);	// minimum sheet thickness below teeth
    BaseWidthTaper = 5.0;							// ramp across entire width
    
    BaseOpeningMax = 43.0;
    BaseOpeningMin = 33.0;
    BaseOpeningY = 5.3;
    BaseOpeningDepth = IntegerMultiple(2.25,ThreadThick);
    
    BaseTotalThick = BaseThick + BaseOpeningDepth;
    echo("Base min thick: ",BaseThick," total: " ,BaseTotalThick);
    
    BaseTabWidth = 6.0;
    BaseTabThick = 2.0;
    BaseTabGap = 7.0;
    BaseTabOC = BaseTabWidth + BaseTabGap;
    BaseToothSection = 3*BaseTabWidth + 2*BaseTabGap;
    
    BaseToothBase = 5.8;
    BaseToothTip = 2.8;
    BaseToothThick = 2.0;
    BaseToothAngle = atan(BaseOpeningDepth/0.6);
    BaseToothOC = BaseTabOC;
    
    WedgeAngle = atan(BaseWidthTaper/((BaseWidthOuter - BaseWidthInner)/2));
    
    BaseEndLip = ThreadThick;			// should be 0.25 mm or so
    BaseEndWidth = (PlateWidthMin - 3*BaseToothBase - 2*BaseToothTip)/2;
    BaseEndAngle = atan((BaseOpeningDepth - BaseEndLip)/BaseOpeningY);
    
    SwitchBody = [8.6,3.7,3.3];			// mode switch
    
    // Plate interface to HT battery latch, cables, and connectors
    
    TopThick = IntegerMultiple(5.5,ThreadThick);	// plate thickness for stiffness behind latch bar
    echo("Top plate thick: ",TopThick);
    
    DB9Recess = TopThick - 4.0;			// recess to max TT3 PCB clearance behind DB9 plate
    
    TabEngageLength = 1.6;				// tab engaging surface length
    TabWidth = 3.0;						//  ... width
    TabEngageHeight = 4.5;				//  ... above battery compartment floor
    TabHeight = 7.5;					// tab ramp top above battery compartment floor
    TabOC = 40.0;
    
    LatchBarWidth = 3.4;				// sliding latch mechanism (brass L stock)
    LatchBarDepth = 3.4;
    LatchBarThick = 0.35;
    
    echo(" ... minimum: ",TopThick - LatchBarDepth);
    
    SplitOffset = TT3Offset - 3.5;
    
    TopBevel = 1.0;						// bevel at top of battery compartment
    TopBevelAngle = 45;
    
    PinOffsetWidth = 2.5;				// choose to center in sides of case shell
    PinOffsetHeight = 13.5;				// above baseplate bottom
    PinDepth = 7.0;						// into case shell
    PinDia = 1.2;
    
    ShellLength = CaseOverallLength - BaseThick - TopThick;
    
    echo("Shell length: ",ShellLength);
    
    // Speaker-mic plug plate
    
    PlugBaseThick = 2.5;				// recess depth
    PlugFillThick = 3.0;				// outer plate thickness
    
    //----------------------
    // Useful routines
    
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) {			// based on nophead's polyholes
    
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    
    cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
    h=Height,
    	   $fn=Sides);
    }
    
    module ShowPegGrid(Space = 10.0,Size = 1.0) {
    
    Range = floor(50 / Space);
    
    	for (x=[-Range:Range])
    	  for (y=[-Range:Range])
    		translate([x*Space,y*Space,Size/2])
    		  %cube(Size,center=true);
    
    }
    
    //-------------------
    // Component parts
    
    //-----
    // TinyTrak3+ PCB and component envelope
    //	Some dimensions should feed into the case shell, but don't
    
    module TinyTrak3(Length = 1.0) {
    
    PCBThick = 1.6;
    PCBWide = 36.5;
    TopHigh = 9.5;
    TopWide = PCBWide - 1.5;
    BotHigh = 2.5;
    BotWide = 35.0;
    
    PCBx = PCBWide/2;
    PCBy = (PCBThick + HoleWindage)/2;
    URx = TopWide/2;
    URy = PCBy + TopHigh;
    LRx = BotWide/2;
    LRy = PCBy + BotHigh;
    
    linear_extrude(height=Length,center=false,convexity=2) {
    	polygon(points=[[URx,URy],[URx,PCBy],[PCBx,PCBy],[PCBx,-PCBy],[LRx,-PCBy],[LRx,-LRy],
    					[-LRx,-LRy],[-LRx,-PCBy],[-PCBx,-PCBy],[-PCBx,PCBy],[-URx,PCBy],[-URx,URy]
    				   ]);
    }
    }
    
    //-----
    // Interface PCB and component envelope
    //	Some dimensions should feed into the case shell, but don't
    
    module AudioInterface(Length = 1.0) {
    
    PCBThick = 2.0;
    PCBWide = 49.5;
    TopHigh = 9.0 + Protrusion;
    TopWide = 46.0;
    BotHigh = 3.0;
    BotWide = 44.0;
    
    PCBx = PCBWide/2;
    PCBy = (PCBThick + HoleWindage)/2;
    URx = TopWide/2;
    URy = PCBy + TopHigh;
    LRx = BotWide/2;
    LRy = PCBy + BotHigh;
    
    linear_extrude(height=Length,center=false,convexity=2) {
    	polygon(points=[[URx,URy],[URx,PCBy],[PCBx,PCBy],[PCBx,-PCBy],[LRx,-PCBy],[LRx,-LRy],
    					[-LRx,-LRy],[-LRx,-PCBy],[-PCBx,-PCBy],[-PCBx,PCBy],[-URx,PCBy],[-URx,URy]
    				   ]);
    }
    }
    
    //-----
    // DB-9 (DE-9) panel opening
    // http://www.interfacebus.com/Connector_D-Sub_Mechanical_Dimensions.html
    //  DB-9 shell mounts on outside surface of case
    // This is for the solder terminal side
    
    module DSubMin9(Length = 1.0) {
    
    Holex = 0.984/2 * inch;
    HoleDia = Tap4_40;
    
    URx = 0.769/2 * inch;
    URy = 0.432/2 * inch;
    
    	linear_extrude(height=Length,center=false,convexity=3) {
    	  polygon(points=[[URx,URy],[URx,-URy],[-URx,-URy],[-URx,URy]]);
    	  for (x = [-1,1]) {
    		translate([x*Holex,0,0])
    		  rotate(45) circle(r=(HoleDia + HoleWindage)/2,$fn=4);
    	  }
    	}
    
    }
    
    //-----
    // Central case shape
    //	This *should* depend directly on the circuit board sizes, but doesn't
    //	The "Offset" parameters attempt to bottle up all the board sizes
    //	Support in LED window must be hand-fit to work correctly... and isn't needed!
    
    module CaseShell(Length=(ShellLength),Holes="true") {
    
    // Polygon coordinates are in XY plane
    
    URx = 40.0/2;
    URy = CaseOverallHeight;
    
    MRx = CaseOverallWidth/2;
    MRy = 15.0;
    
    LRx = CaseOverallWidth/2;
    LRy = (LRx - PlateWidthMin/2)*tan(PlateAngle);
    
    BRx = PlateWidthMax/2;
    BRy = PlateThick - 0*Protrusion;
    
    PRx = PlateWidthMin/2;				// combined battery plate
    PRy = 0;
    
    ScrewOffset = 20.0;					// from top end of case
    
    LEDWindow = [26.0,5.0,6];			// with case aligned vertically
    LEDOffset = [15,URy,(Length + TopThick - 25.0)];
    
    TrimPot1 = [-14,TT3Offset,(Length + TopThick - 30)];
    TrimPot2 = [-14,TT3Offset,(Length + TopThick - 37.5)];
    
    HTCableDia = 3.5;
    HTCableOffset = AudioOffset + HTCableDia/2 + 1.0;
    
    rotate([90,0,180])
    	union() {
    	  difference() {
    
    		  linear_extrude(height=Length,center=false,convexity=5)
    			polygon(points=[[URx,URy],[MRx,MRy],[LRx,LRy],[BRx,BRy],[PRx,PRy],
    							[-PRx,PRy],[-BRx,BRy],[-LRx,LRy],[-MRx,MRy],[-URx,URy]]);
    
    		if (Holes) {
    		  translate([0,AudioOffset,-Protrusion])
    			AudioInterface(Length + 2*Protrusion);
    
    		  translate([0,TT3Offset,-Protrusion])
    			TinyTrak3(Length + 2*Protrusion);
    
    		  for (y = [TT3Offset,AudioOffset])
    			translate([-CaseOverallWidth,y,(Length - ScrewOffset)])
    			  rotate([0,90,0])
    				rotate(0)					// Z rotation puts point upward for printing
    				PolyCyl(Tap4_40,CaseOverallWidth);
    
    		  translate(LEDOffset)
    			rotate([90,90,0])
    			  translate([-LEDWindow[0]/2,-LEDWindow[1]/2,-Protrusion])
    			  cube(LEDWindow,center=false);
    
    		  for (p = [TrimPot1,TrimPot2])
    			translate(p)
    			  rotate([-90,90,0])				// Y rotation puts point upward for printing
    				PolyCyl(3.0,URy);
    
    		  for (x=[-1,1]) {
    			translate([x*(CaseOverallWidth/2 - PinOffsetWidth),
    					  PinOffsetHeight,
    					  (Length - PinDepth)])
    			  rotate(45)						// align hole sides with case sides
    				  PolyCyl(PinDia,2*TopThick);
    			translate([x*(CaseOverallWidth/2 - PinOffsetWidth),
    					  PinOffsetHeight,
    					  -PlateThick])
    			  rotate(45)						// align hole sides with case sides
    				  PolyCyl(PinDia,(PlateThick + PinDepth));
    		  }
    
    		  for (x=[-1,1])						// setscrews to secure base plate
    			translate([x*(CaseOverallWidth/2 - 3*Tap4_40),
    					  TT3Offset,-Protrusion])
    			  rotate(360/(5*4))
    				PolyCyl(Tap4_40,2*TopThick);
    
    		  translate([-(ContactGapX/2 + ContactDia/2),0,(Contact1Y + ContactDia/2)])
    			rotate([90,0,0])
    			  Contact();
    		  translate([+(ContactGapX/2 + ContactDia/2),0,(Contact2Y + ContactDia/2)])
    			rotate([90,0,0])
    			  Contact();
    
    		  translate([CaseOverallWidth/2,HTCableOffset,(Length - HTCableDia/4)])
    			rotate([0,90,0])
    			  cube([(HTCableDia/2 + Protrusion),HTCableDia,CaseOverallWidth],center=true);
    		  translate([0,HTCableOffset,(Length - HTCableDia/2)])
    			rotate([0,90,0])
    			  cylinder(r=(1/cos(30))*HTCableDia/2,h=CaseOverallWidth,$fn=6);
    		}
    	  }
    
    if (false)
    	  if (Holes)
    		translate(LEDOffset)						// support plug in LED window
    		  rotate([90,90,0])
    			translate([-0.95*LEDWindow[0]/2,-0.80*LEDWindow[1]/2,ThreadWidth/2])
    			  cube([0.95*LEDWindow[0],0.80*LEDWindow[1],2*ThreadWidth],center=false);
    
    	}
    
    }
    
    //-----
    // Battery contact recess
    //  This gets subtracted from the bottom plate in two places
    // 	Align points to print upward
    
    module Contact() {
    
    if (true)
    union() {													// vertical printing with case
    	translate([0,0,-(ContactRecess + Protrusion)/2])
    	  PolyCyl(ContactDia,(ContactRecess + Protrusion),8);
    	translate([0,0,-(PlateThick + Protrusion)])
    	  rotate(60/2)
    	  PolyCyl(ContactStudDia,PlateThick,6);
    	translate([0,0,-(ContactRecess + ContactStudHeadThick/3)])
    	  PolyCyl(ContactStudHead,ContactStudHeadThick,8);				// allow for solder blob
    }
    else
    union() {												// horizontal printing alone
    	translate([0,0,-(ContactRecess - Protrusion)/2])
    	  PolyCyl(ContactDia,(ContactRecess + Protrusion),8);
    	translate([0,0,-(PlateThick + Protrusion)])
    	  PolyCyl(ContactStudDia,(PlateThick + 2*Protrusion));
    	translate([0,0,-(ContactRecess + ContactStudHeadThick/3)])
    	  PolyCyl(ContactStudHead,ContactStudHeadThick,8);				// allow for solder blob
    }
    
    }
    
    //-----
    // Radio bottom locating feature
    //  This polygon gets subtracted from the battery pack base
    
    module RadioBase() {
    
    linear_extrude(height=(BaseOpeningDepth + Protrusion),center=false,convexity=5)
    polygon(points=[
    			[-BaseOpeningMax/2,-Protrusion],
    
    			[-BaseOpeningMin/2,BaseOpeningY],
    			[-(BaseToothOC/2 + BaseToothBase/2),BaseOpeningY],
    
    			[-(BaseToothOC/2 + BaseToothTip/2),(BaseOpeningY - BaseToothThick)],
    			[-(BaseToothOC/2 - BaseToothTip/2),(BaseOpeningY - BaseToothThick)],
    			[-(BaseToothOC/2 - BaseToothBase/2),BaseOpeningY],
    
    			[ (BaseToothOC/2 - BaseToothBase/2),BaseOpeningY],
    			[ (BaseToothOC/2 - BaseToothTip/2),(BaseOpeningY - BaseToothThick)],
    			[ (BaseToothOC/2 + BaseToothTip/2),(BaseOpeningY - BaseToothThick)],
    			[ (BaseToothOC/2 + BaseToothBase/2),BaseOpeningY],
    			[ BaseOpeningMin/2,BaseOpeningY],
    
    			[ BaseOpeningMax/2,-Protrusion],
    
    			[ (BaseTabOC + BaseTabWidth/2),-Protrusion],
    			[ (BaseTabOC + BaseTabWidth/2),BaseTabThick],
    			[ (BaseTabOC - BaseTabWidth/2),BaseTabThick],
    			[ (BaseTabOC - BaseTabWidth/2),-Protrusion],
    
    			[ BaseTabWidth/2,-Protrusion],
    			[ BaseTabWidth/2,BaseTabThick],
    			[-BaseTabWidth/2,BaseTabThick],
    			[-BaseTabWidth/2,-Protrusion],
    
    			[-(BaseTabOC + BaseTabWidth/2),-Protrusion],
    			[-(BaseTabOC + BaseTabWidth/2),BaseTabThick],
    			[-(BaseTabOC - BaseTabWidth/2),BaseTabThick],
    			[-(BaseTabOC - BaseTabWidth/2),-Protrusion],
    		  ],
    		  convexity=5
    );
    }
    
    //-----
    // Battery pack base
    
    module Base() {
    
    difference() {
    
    	rotate([-90,180,0])						// main case shape
    	  CaseShell(BaseTotalThick,false);
    
    	translate([0,0,BaseThick])				// radio base interface
    	  RadioBase();
    
    	translate([0,0,BaseThick])				// tooth bevel
    	  rotate([(-90 + BaseToothAngle),0,0])
    		translate([0,-0.5,0])
    		  cube([(BaseToothSection + 2*Protrusion),1.0,10],center=true);
    
    	translate([-BaseWidthOuter,				// surface slope
    			  -(BaseThick + BaseEndLip)/tan(BaseEndAngle),0])
    	  rotate([BaseEndAngle,0,0])
    		difference() {
    		  cube([2*BaseWidthOuter,3*BaseOpeningY,BaseOpeningDepth],center=false);
    		  translate([(BaseWidthOuter - (BaseToothSection + 2*Protrusion)/2),0,0])
    			cube([(BaseToothSection + 2*Protrusion),1.2*BaseOpeningY,BaseOpeningDepth],center=false);
    		}
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])							// alignment pin holes
    	  translate([x*(CaseOverallWidth/2 - PinOffsetWidth),PinOffsetHeight,-Protrusion])
    		rotate(45)							// align hole side with plate side
    		  PolyCyl(PinDia,2*TopThick);
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])							// mounting setscews
    	  translate([x*(CaseOverallWidth/2 - 3*Tap4_40),
    				TT3Offset,-Protrusion])
    		rotate(-360/(-5*4))
    		  PolyCyl(Tap4_40,2*TopThick);
    
    	translate([(-SwitchBody[0]/2),TT3Offset,-SwitchBody[2]/2])	// mode switch
    	  scale([1,1,2])
    		cube(SwitchBody);
    
    }
    }
    
    //-----
    // Top plate with latch
    //	Split around TinyTrak3 serial connector
    //	 ... which must be at the same height as in the shell!
    //	The cable hole sizes & locations are entirely ad-hoc
    
    module TopPlate() {
    
    Cable1Dia = 5.0;
    Cable2Dia = 5.0;
    CableHoleLength = TopThick + 2*Protrusion;
    CableHoleZ = -Protrusion;
    
    DB9Plate = [32.0,13.5,1.25];					// plate surrounding connector body
    
    difference() {
    
    	rotate([-90,180,180])
    	  CaseShell(TopThick,false);
    
    	translate([0,-TT3Offset,-Protrusion])
    	  DSubMin9(TopThick + 2*Protrusion);
    
    	translate([0,-TT3Offset,(TopThick - DB9Plate[2]/2)])
    	  cube([DB9Plate[0],DB9Plate[1],(DB9Plate[2] + Protrusion)],center=true);
    
    	translate([-CaseOverallWidth,-SplitOffset,-2*Protrusion])		// split the plate
    	  cube([2*CaseOverallWidth,4*Protrusion,(TopThick + 2*Protrusion)]);
    
    	translate([0,0,(TopThick - TopBevel)])
    	  rotate([-TopBevelAngle,0,0])
    		translate([-CaseOverallWidth,-TopThick,0])
    		  cube([2*CaseOverallWidth,2*TopThick,2*TopThick],center=false);
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])
    	  translate([(x*TabOC/2),
    				(-TabHeight/2 + Protrusion),
    				(TopThick - TabEngageLength/2 + Protrusion/2)])
    		rotate([90,0,0])
    		  cube([TabWidth,
    				(TabEngageLength + Protrusion),
    				(TabHeight + Protrusion)],center=true);
    
    	translate([-CaseOverallWidth,
    			  -(TabEngageHeight + LatchBarWidth - BatteryClearance),
    			  (TopThick - LatchBarDepth)])
    	  cube([2*CaseOverallWidth,(LatchBarWidth + LatchBarThick),(LatchBarDepth + Protrusion)]);
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])
    	  translate([(x*CaseOverallWidth/4),
    				-(TabEngageHeight + LatchBarWidth + Clear2_56/2 - BatteryClearance + Protrusion),
    				0]) {
    		translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
    		  rotate(45)						// align sides with slot
    			PolyCyl(Tap2_56,(TopThick + 2*Protrusion));
    		translate([0,0,(TopThick - LatchBarDepth)])
    		  rotate(60)						// align sides with slot
    			PolyCyl((Head2_56 + Protrusion),TopThick,6);		// extra extra clearance
    	  }
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])
    	  translate([x*(CaseOverallWidth/2 - PinOffsetWidth),-PinOffsetHeight,-Protrusion])
    		rotate(45)						// align hole side with plate side
    		  PolyCyl(PinDia,2*TopThick);
    
    	for (x=[-1,1])						// coincidentally line up with latch tabs
    	  translate([(x*TabOC/2),-(SplitOffset - 3.0),-Protrusion])
    		scale([1,1.7,1])
    		  PolyCyl(Cable1Dia,CableHoleLength,6);
    }
    
    }
    
    //-----
    // Speaker-Mic plug mounting plate
    
    module PlugPlate() {
    
    JackOC = 11.20;						// 14.25 OD - (3.58 + 2.58)/2
    
    JackScrewDia = 4.6;
    JackScrewOffsetX = 1.00;
    JackScrewOffsetY = 5.25;			//  mounting screw to edge of lower recess
    
    PlugBaseWidth = 9.25;				// lower section of plate
    PlugBaseLength = 22.0;
    PlugBaseRadius = 1.75;
    
    Plug3Offset = 5.25;					// edge of base recess to 3.5 mm jack
    
    Plug2BezelDia = 7.1;				// 2.5 mm plug
    Plug2BezelThick = 1.04;
    Plug2ScrewDia = 6.0;
    Plug3ScrewLength = 3.0;
    
    Plug3BezelDia = 8.13;				// 3.5 mm plug
    Plug3BezelThick = 1.6;
    Plug3ScrewDia = 7.95;
    Plug3ScrewLength = 4.0;
    
    PlugFillOffsetX = JackScrewOffsetX - 0.5;		// base recess CL to fill CL
    PlugFillOffsetY = -10.5;				//  ... to edge of fill plate
    PlugFillWidth = 11.0;
    PlugFillLength = 34.00;
    PlugFillRadius1 = 1.5;
    PlugFillRadius2 = 4.5;
    
    PlugFillOffsetYTotal = 0;
    
    BaseX = PlugBaseWidth/2 - PlugBaseRadius;
    BaseY = PlugBaseLength/2 - PlugBaseRadius;
    
    difference() {
    	union() {
    	  linear_extrude(height=PlugBaseThick,center=false,convexity=3)
    		hull() {
    		  translate([-BaseX,-BaseY,0])
    			circle(r=PlugBaseRadius,$fn=8);
    		  translate([-BaseX, BaseY,0])
    			circle(r=PlugBaseRadius,$fn=8);
    		  translate([ BaseX, BaseY,0])
    			circle(r=PlugBaseRadius,$fn=8);
    		  translate([ BaseX,-BaseY,0])
    			circle(r=PlugBaseRadius,$fn=8);
    		}
    
    	  translate([PlugFillOffsetX,
    				(PlugFillLength/2 - PlugBaseLength/2 + PlugFillOffsetY),
    				PlugBaseThick])
    		linear_extrude(height=PlugFillThick,center=false,convexity=5)
    		  hull() {
    			translate([0,-(PlugFillLength/2 - PlugFillRadius2),0])
    			  circle(r=PlugFillRadius2,$fn=10);
    			translate([-(PlugFillWidth/2 - PlugFillRadius1),-PlugBaseLength/2,0])
    			  circle(r=PlugFillRadius1,$fn=8);
    			translate([-(PlugFillWidth/2 - PlugFillRadius1),
    					  (PlugFillLength/2 - PlugFillRadius1),0])
    			  circle(r=PlugFillRadius1,$fn=8);
    			translate([(PlugFillWidth/2 - PlugFillRadius1),
    					  (PlugFillLength/2 - PlugFillRadius1),0])
    			  circle(r=PlugFillRadius1,$fn=8);
    			translate([(PlugFillWidth/2 - PlugFillRadius1),-PlugBaseLength/2,0])
    			  circle(r=PlugFillRadius1,$fn=8);
    		  }
    	}
    
    	translate([0,-JackOC/2,-Protrusion])
    	  rotate(360/16) {
    		PolyCyl(Plug3BezelDia,(Plug3BezelThick + Protrusion),8);
    		PolyCyl(Plug3ScrewDia,(PlugBaseThick + PlugFillThick + 2*Protrusion),8);
    	  }
    
    	translate([0,+JackOC/2,-Protrusion])
    	  rotate(360/16) {
    		PolyCyl(Plug2BezelDia,(Plug2BezelThick + Protrusion),8);
    		PolyCyl(Plug2ScrewDia,(PlugBaseThick + PlugFillThick + 2*Protrusion),8);
    	  }
    
    	translate([JackScrewOffsetX,-(PlugBaseLength/2 + JackScrewOffsetY),0])
    	  PolyCyl(JackScrewDia,(PlugBaseThick + PlugFillThick + Protrusion));
    }
    
    }
    
    //-------------------
    // Build things...
    
    ShowPegGrid();
    
    if (Layout == "TT3")
    TinyTrak3();
    
    if (Layout == "Audio")
    AudioInterface();
    
    if (Layout == "DSub")
    DSubMin9();
    
    if (Layout == "Shell")
    CaseShell(CaseOverallLength);
    
    if (Layout == "Top")
    TopPlate();
    
    if (Layout == "Base")
    Base();
    
    if (Layout == "RadioBase")
    RadioBase();
    
    if (Layout == "PlugPlate")
    PlugPlate();
    
    if (Layout == "Contact")
    rotate([180,0,0])
    	Contact();
    
    if (Layout == "Show" || Layout == "Fit") {
    
    translate([0,-ShellLength/2,0]) {
    
    	translate([0,(Layout == "Show")?-ShowGap:0,0])
    	  rotate([90,0,0])
    		color("SandyBrown") Base();
    
    	translate([0,0,0])
    	    color("LightGreen") render() CaseShell();
    
    	translate([-(CaseOverallWidth/2 + 10),50,CaseOverallHeight/2])
    	  rotate([0,-90,0])
    		color("Gold") PlugPlate();
    
    	translate([0,((Layout == "Show")?(ShellLength + ShowGap):ShellLength),0])
    	  rotate([-90,0,0])
    		color("BurlyWood") TopPlate();
    }
    }
    
    if (Layout == "Build1") {
    
    translate([5 + CaseOverallHeight,0,0])
    	rotate([0,0,90])
    	  Base();
    
    translate([-(5 + CaseOverallHeight),0,0])
    	rotate(90)
    	  TopPlate();
    
    }
    
    if (Layout == "Build2") {
    
    translate([0,-CaseOverallHeight/2,ShellLength])
    	rotate([-90,0,0])
    		CaseShell();
    
    }
    
    if (Layout == "Build3") {
    
    translate([0,0,(PlugBaseThick + PlugFillThick)])
    	rotate([180,0,0])
    	  PlugPlate();
    
    }
    
  • Philips Sonicare Essence 5000: Battery Replacement

    Back when I got a Philips Sonicare (on the recommendation of my dental hygenist, after a particularly nasty bout of plaque removal), the battery gave nearly two weeks of service between charges. As shown in that graph, the runtime gradually faded away to two days, at which point I decided it was time to tear the thing apart and see about replacing the batteries.

    The instruction manual tells how to dismantle the case and extract the NiCd battery for recycling:

    Please note that this process is NOT reversible.

    Well, there’s a challenge if I ever read one, but Wouldn’t It Be Nice If you could take something apart, unplug its defunct battery, install a new one, and button it up again? Then you wouldn’t be forced to buy a new $70 toothbrush, which probably explains everything… and I suppose the replacement battery would cost $40, even if it were a pair of AA cells.

    For reference, the instructions (clicky for more dots):

    Disassembly Instructions - 1
    Disassembly Instructions – 1
    Disassembly Instructions - 2
    Disassembly Instructions – 2
    Disassembly Instructions - 3
    Disassembly Instructions – 3

    As predicted, suasion applied through a small screwdriver popped the top end of the case apart, but the remainder required concerted prying and muttering. The case halves mate with a tongue-and-groove joint that’s either sonic welded or adhesive bonded to form a watertight seal all the way around, to the extent that they suggested cleaning the thing in a dishwasher.

    Eventually, though, it came apart:

    Sonicare - case opened
    Sonicare – case opened

    The “motor” (actually, a solenoid that couples to the magnet on the brush stem) is firmly potted in place (on the right), as are the NiCd cells and the charging power pickup coil at the base on the left. The potting compound seems to be a clear epoxy, rather than a compliant rubber, and it doesn’t bond to the case at all. It is, however, a perfect fit and doesn’t pop loose without a struggle; their instructions will definitely break the PCB.

    Seen from the other direction, six connections join the PCB to those immovable objects. The four pins (on the far left) go to the solenoid and the pair (just to their right) to the battery:

    Sonicare PCB solder points
    Sonicare PCB solder points

    A few dabs of desoldering wick suffice to free the pins and release the PCB. Mercifully, the potting compound surrounding the charging coil slid out easily, as they (inexplicably) omitted a mechanical lock molded into the case:

    Sonicare - PCB removed
    Sonicare – PCB removed

    Removing the NiCd cells required considerable prying, as described in the instructions, that en passant damaged their cases. I think if you weren’t paying attention, you could easily rupture a cell case with the screwdriver and spatter the area with potassium hydroxide, perhaps shorting the cell in the process and producing rather more excitement than most folks expect.

    A closeup of one cell; the other bears similar damage:

    Sonicare - damaged NiCd cells
    Sonicare – damaged NiCd cells

    I snipped off the cell tabs and applied them to the new NiMH cells. A bit of closed-cell foam between the cells and the PCB cushions the assembly:

    Sonicare - new NiMH cells on PCB
    Sonicare – new NiMH cells on PCB

    Stacking more foam snippets under the cells filled the space left by the potting compound, then soldering the solenoid pins held everything together:

    Sonicare - new NiMH in place
    Sonicare – new NiMH in place

    A wrap of clear adhesive (rather than the obligatory Kapton) makes for a tidy joint that probably won’t last very long, but it looks much the way it did before the operation. The case is no longer waterproof and won’t withstand the dishwasher. In fact, I must now store it with the brush end downward to keep the last few drops out of the handle.

    There’s an interesting solder jumper on the PCB that I didn’t bridge, but the next time it’s opened up I’ll apply a dab:

    Sonicare - BLINKY jumper
    Sonicare – BLINKY jumper

    The alert reader will notice that I’ve replaced 2000 mA·h AA NiCd cells with 600 mA·h 2/3 AANiMH cells, without changing the charger. The power transfer through the inductive coupling drives a trickle charger at about one hour of recharge per brushing, so there’s not much danger of overcharging the cells.

    Now, to discover what runtime fresh cells deliver. This calls for another slip of geek scratch paper in the bathroom.

  • Jacking Up The Microscope

    Microscope with machinists jack
    Microscope with machinists jack

    The stereo zoom microscope over the electronics bench lives on the end of long support arm that tends to be just slightly wobbly. Part of the problem is that the far end is anchored on the sponge-backed laminate flooring I put atop the bench, but it’d be slightly wobbly even with a firm base on the plywood bench top.

    So I prop up the microscope with a machinist’s jack and it’s all stable & good.

    This one happens to be from an ancient Starret 190 set that I accumulated along with some other tooling, but any of the cheap imitations would work just as well.

    The two bubble level vials help get the microscope axis exactly perpendicular to the bench surface, which makes the difference between good overall focus and a blurred image with a single line in focus. Here the jack is vertical and the microscope is tilted slightly toward the edge of the bench; the jack has a pivot below its knurled top plate.

  • Garden Dragonfly Ornament: Eye Re-Repair

    Alas, urethane glue didn’t hold the eye marbles in the garden dragonfly ornament for very long. Although the cured glue had a wonderfully smooth surface where it contacted the balls and it had plenty of contact area, that wasn’t enough.

    This time, I used acrylic caulk that should stay gummy enough to maintain a good grip:

    Garden Dragonfly ornament - re-reglued eye marbles
    Garden Dragonfly ornament – re-reglued eye marbles

    The next step, I suppose, will be to drill a hole in each ball for a stud and epoxy the things in place…

  • Fundamental 3D Printing Patents

    DIY 3D printing seems surrounded by Good Ideas that don’t happen, which led me to look up some of the early patents in the field. As nearly as I can tell, any bright idea one might have has already been patented; although you can usually get away with tinkering it up in your basement (because you’re not worth enough to interest the patent holder’s attorneys), anything beyond that will darken your skies with lawsuits.

    The granddaddy of all 3D extrusion machines seems to be US5121329 (Crump → Stratasys 1992-06-09): Apparatus and method for creating three-dimensional objects

    Exploring the patents referencing that one as a foundation should keep you busy for a while; the PDF has clicky links.

    Some fine tuning on the theme:

    US6085957 (Zinniel/Batchelder → Stratasys): Volumetric feed control for flexible filament

    US5303141 (Batchelder/et al → IBM): Model generation system having closed-loop extrusion nozzle positioning

    Congealing 3D objects in a vat of goo probably starts with 4575330 (Hull → MVP 1986-03-11): Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography

    Remember: I’m not a patent attorney and my opinion is worthless…

    US5121329 - Figure 1
    US5121329 – Figure 1
  • K-26 Metal Detector: Sensor Coil Rewinding

    There ought to be a survey marker pin at the front corner of the lot where it’d come in handy for locating the edge of the yet-to-be-contracted driveway paving, but if it’s there it’s been pushed below ground level. So I mooched a homebrew metal detector based on the Elenco K-26 PCB

    K-26 Metal Detector PCB
    K-26 Metal Detector PCB

    The kit included 45 feet of  22 AWG enamel wire that should have become a 5 inch diameter coil with 30 turns, but the as-built detector had a coil wrapped around a 1 foot diameter cardboard form. The coil inductance sets the oscillation frequency, which turned out to be around 300 kHz: far below the nominal 1000 kHz. So I wound 40 turns of 22 AWG magnet wire around an old CD-ROM spindle case (which is, quite coincidentally, just over 5 inches in diameter), and taped it atop the cardboard form.

    The datasheet recommends a nonmetallic handle, so I swapped in a plastic umbrella support for the original metal mop (?) handle.

    Rewound homebrew metal detector
    Rewound homebrew metal detector

    The K-26 schematic looks like a common-base Colpitts oscillator, with only the most utterly absolutely vital essential components:

    K-26 Schematic
    K-26 Schematic

    In round numbers, the oscillation frequency varies inversely with the number of turns:

    F = 1/(2π√(LC)) (for a simple tank)

    L = stuff × N2 (stuff = various constants & sizes)

    F = stuff / N

    The rewound coil oscillated at 350 kHz, so I spilled off a few turns at a time to produce these results and a tangle of wire on the floor:

    L – µH Freq – kHz
    330 350
    186 535
    107 711
    65 840
    42 1140

    For the record, the coil in the photo corresponds to the last line and has 12 turns.

    Contrary to what the instructions imply, trimpot P1 does not adjust the oscillation frequency. It tweaks the transistor bias for best oscillation, so it’s more of an amplitude control than anything else. I adjusted P1 while watching an oscilloscope connected across the negative battery terminal and the emitter of Q1, but you could probably use a small sniffer loop to good effect.

    It draws about 2 mA, so the battery should last quite a while; labeling the switch positions should help a lot.

    The oscillator produces an unmodulated carrier, so I tuned a Kenwood TH-F6A HT in LSB mode for maximum squeal. Any variation in L changes the carrier frequency and thus the pitch of the demodulated audio; an earbud just barely in one ear makes this almost tolerable.

    As you should expect from the picture, that metal detector lashup is mightily microphonic, to the extent that touching a blade of grass wobbles the audio pitch and bumping the cardboard plate against an object can detune the whole affair. A bit more attention to rigid coil mounting would certainly help, but this isn’t the most stable of designs to begin with and I doubt anything will help very much at all.

    The coil can detect a chunk of rebar sticking out of the ground at a range of maybe half a foot, but it’s not clear how well it will cope with buried treasures (like, oh, let’s say a survey marker pin). In any event, I must mow the grass down there before going prospecting.

  • Canon NB-5L Battery Teardown, Cheater, and Voltages

    The motivation for gutting that Dell laptop battery was to find out if the cells could become a higher-capacity external battery for the Canon SX230HS camera. Those discharge curves suggest they can’t, but I also want to know what voltage levels correspond to the various battery status icons, which means I must feed an adjustable power supply into the camera… so I need a fake NB-5L battery with a cheater cord.

    The first step: crack the case of the worst of the eBay junkers. I squeezed it in the bench vise to no avail, then worked a small chisel / scraper (*) into the joint. The lid was firmly bonded to the case, but it eventually came free:

    NB-5L Battery - opened
    NB-5L Battery – opened

    The protective PCB sits at one end of the cell, with a strip of black foam insulating the components from the nickel strips:

    NB-5L - protective PCB
    NB-5L – protective PCB

    It turns out that the cell’s metal shell is the positive contact, which I didn’t expect.

    The component side of the PCB has a 10 kΩ resistor connected between the center and negative contacts. That should be a thermistor, but it’s a cheap eBay knockoff and I suppose I should be delighted that there’s not a gaping hole where that contact should be. The PCB fits against the small notch in the case and is held in place by small features on the top and bottom. The negative contact is on the far left:

    NB-5L - PCB interior view
    NB-5L – PCB interior view

    Canon sells an AC adapter for the camera that includes an empty battery with a coaxial jack that aligns with a hole in the battery compartment cover. I soldered a pair of wires to the PCB, drilled a hole in the appropriate spot, added some closed-cell foam and hot-melt glue to anchor the PCB, and made a cheater adapter. For the record, the orange wire is positive:

    NB-5L - gutted case with pigtail
    NB-5L – gutted case with pigtail

    It turns out that the camera battery cover must be closed and latched before the camera will turn on, but the sliding latch mechanism occludes the hole. This cannot be an inadvertent design feature, but I managed to snake the wire out anyway.

    Connecting that up to a bench supply (with a meter having 0.1 V resolution) produces the following results:

    Voltage Result
    3.8 Full charge
    3.7 2/3 charge
    3.6 Blinking orange
    3.5 “Charge the battery”

    The camera draws about 500 mA in picture-taking mode, about 300 mA in display mode, and peaks at around 1 A while zooming.

    The Genuine Canon NB-5L is good for 800 mA·h to 3.6 V, as are the two best pairs of the Dell cells. The latter remain over 3.7 V for 500 mA·h, which suggests one pair would run for about an hour before starting to blink. Maybe that’s Good Enough, but … a new prismatic battery is looking better all the time.

    (*) Made by my father, many years ago, with a simple wood handle that eventually disintegrated. I squished some epoxy putty around the haft and covered it with heatshrink tubing, but (now that I have a 3D printer) I really should print up a spiffy replacement. I’ve been using it to pry objects off the printer’s build platform, so that’d be only fitting…