The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

Tag: Rants

And kvetching, too

  • Electronic Ballast Shoplights: So Much For Efficiency

    Just picked up a batch of electronic-ballast shoplights from Lowe’s, motivated by a 10% off card they sent a while ago. Not a killer deal, but it evidently got plenty of folks into the store on a Sunday morning.

    The new lights don’t claim much about their abilities, other than “Electronic Cold Weather Start (0° F)” and that the reflector sizing requires T8 (1″ dia) fluorescent tubes. One would expect an electronic ballast to have a decent power factor and improved efficiency.

    Because I’m that sort of bear, I opened one up to see what was inside. Here’s the ballast:

    Electronic Ballast Dataplate
    Electronic Ballast Dataplate

    Although the fixture is sized for T8 tubes, the ballast would be perfectly happy with T12s. Similarly, the box insists on F32 tubes, but the ballast is OK with F40s.

    I thought a comparison with one of my old magnetic-ballast fixtures would be of interest, so I hitched up the Kill-A-Watt meter and ran some comparisons.

    The results…

    Amp Watt VoltAmp PF
    Old magnetic ballast
    F40T12 0.64 60 76 0.79
    F32T8 1.11 80 126 0.62
    New electronic ballast
    F40T12 0.75 47 89 0.53
    F32T8 0.77 49 91 0.54

    The electronic ballast has a much lower power factor and thus much higher current. The box & ballast don’t say anything about power factor correction and, wow, there sure isn’t any. The power company hates gadgets like this…

    I cannot compare the brightness because the F40 tubes are several years old, but it’s interesting that the electronic ballast runs both tube sizes at essentially the same power (just as the dataplate indicates, sorta-kinda). The magnetic ballast really cooks the piss out of the smaller tubes, though… or it’s dumping a lot of energy into the ballast. Hard to say.

    The T12 tubes are rated for 3000 lumens & 20 k hours. The new box of T8 tubes I got a while back are 2800 lumens and 24 k hours. Frankly, I don’t believe any of those numbers, particularly given the actual power consumption: it looks like either ballast runs them at just 75% of their rated power.

    Anyhow, these were the cheapest shoplights in stock; I bought eight of ’em, because I’ve been replacing one dead fixture every month or two for the last year. I’d like to think I’d get a better ballast if I spent twice as much, but to a good first approximation the additional cost seems to have gone into black plastic trim and a burnished-chrome exterior finish; not what I need in the Basement Laboratory.

    I wish the boxes were more forthcoming so you didn’t need to perform exploratory surgery.

  • Why Friends Don’t Let Friends Use Windows: Torpig

    For those of you still using Windows, here’s a sobering look at why you shouldn’t: an analysis of the Torpig botnet by an academic group that managed to take over its command & control structure for a few days.

    The report is tech-heavy, but well worth the effort to plow through.

    Here are some of the high points…

    Why do the bad guys do this? It’s all about the money, honey:

    In ten days, Torpig obtained the credentials of 8,310 accounts at 410 different institutions.

    … we extracted 1,660 unique credit and debit card numbers from our
    collected data.

    Does an antivirus program help?

    Torpig has been distributed to its victims as part of Mebroot. Mebroot is a rootkit that takes control of a machine by replacing the system’s Master Boot Record (MBR). This allows Mebroot to be executed at boot time, before the operating system is loaded, and to remain undetected by most anti-virus tools

    In these attacks, web pages on legitimate but vulnerable web sites are modified with the inclusion of HTML tags that cause the victim’s browser to request JavaScript code from a[nother] web site under control of the attackers. This JavaScript code launches a number of exploits against the browser or some of its components, such as ActiveX controls and plugins. If any exploit is successful, an executable is downloaded from the drive-by-download server to the victim machine, and it is executed.

    What happens next?

    Mebroot injects these modules […] into a number of applications. These applications include the Service Control Manager (services.exe), the file manager, and 29 other popular applications, such as web browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera), FTP clients (Leech-FTP, CuteFTP), email clients (e.g., Thunderbird, Outlook, Eudora), instant messengers (e.g., Skype, ICQ), and system programs (e.g., the command line interpreter cmd.exe). After the injection, Torpig can inspect all the data handled by these programs and identify and store interesting pieces of information, such as credentials for online accounts and stored passwords.

    If you think hiding behind a firewall router will save you, you’re wrong:

    By looking at the IP addresses in the Torpig headers we are able to determine that 144,236 (78.9%) of the infected machines were behind a NAT, VPN, proxy, or firewall.

    If you think you’ve got a secure password, you’re wrong:

    Torpig bots stole 297,962 unique credentials (i.e., username and password pairs), sent by 52,540 different Torpig-infected machines over the ten days we controlled the botnet

    If you think a separate password manager will save you, you’re wrong.

    It is also interesting to observe that 38% of the credentials stolen by Torpig were obtained from the password manager of browsers, rather than by intercepting an actual login session.

    Somewhat more info on Mebroot from F-Secure.

    Remember, the virus / worm / Trojan / botnet attacks you read about all the time only affect Windows machines. Linux isn’t invulnerable, but it’s certainly safer right now. If you’re running Windows, it’s only a matter of time until your PC is not your own, no matter how smart you think you are.

    If you have one or two must-gotta-use Windows programs, set up a dedicated Token Windows Box and use it only for those programs. Network it (behind a firewall) if you like, but don’t do any email / Web browsing / messaging / VOIP on it. Just Say No!

    For everything else, run some version of Linux. It’ll do what you need to get done with less hassle and far less risk. It’s free for the download, free for the installation, and includes all the functions you’re used to paying money for. Just Do It!

    If you think using Linux is too much of a hassle, imagine what putting your finances back together will be like. Remember, the bad guys will steal everything you’ve ever put on your PC, destroy your identity, and never get caught.

    Now you know… why are you still stalling?

  • Mandatory Setup Slide for All Presentations

    Presentation Setup Slide
    Presentation Setup Slide

    When you put together a presentation, add this slide at the very end.

    Display it while you’re setting up the projector so you can make sure all the corners are on-screen, all the colors work, and that the circles are actually circular. Your audience will appreciate your consideration.

    The text font should be whatever you’re using for the main body text in the presentation. If you think the text I’ve used is too large, then you’ve never sat in the back of your own presentation…

    When you’re ready to start, whack the Home key and your regular title slide will appear.

    Here it is as a single-slide PowerPoint presentation, because WordPress doesn’t allow uploading OpenOffice ODP presentations. Copy the slide into your own file and let your audience move around accordingly.

  • Zero-dollar Power Screwdriver Repair

    I’m in the midst of cleaning up the shop after a winter of avoiding the too-cold basement. The best way I’ve found to pull this off is to pick up each object, do whatever’s needed to put it away, and move to the next object. Trying to be clever leads to paralysis, so I devote a few days to fixing up gadgets and putting tools back in their places. After a while, it gets to be rather soothing.

    Broken wire in power screwdriver
    Broken wire in power screwdriver

    Some months ago I snagged a power screwdriver from a discard pile; while it didn’t work, un-bending the battery pack connector solved that. It runs from a quartet of AA cells, which means I can use alkalines and it’ll always be ready to go. It’s not a high-torque unit, so I’m using it for case screws and similar easy tasks.

    But it quickly became intermittent and finally would turn only clockwise. Onto the to-do heap it went…

    Power screwdrivers consist of a battery, a motor with a planetary gear reduction transmission, and a cross-wired DPDT switch in between. Not much can go wrong and, if it turns at all, most likely the problem has something to do with the switch or wiring.

    Opened it up, pulled out the motor, and, lo and behold, one of the wires has broken off the switch. As nearly as I can tell, pushing the switch that-a-way forced the solder tab down on the wire and made the connection, pushing it the other way pulled the tab off the wire.

    While I had the hood up, I replaced the wires with slightly thicker and longer ones. Soldered everything back together, mushed the grease blobs back into the planetary gearing, and it works like a champ…

    Now, fairly obviously, there’s absolutely no economic sense to this sort of thing, given that the driver probably cost under ten bucks, but I just can’t stand to see a perfectly good gadget wind up in the trash.

    I’d love to do this sort of thing for a living, if only I could figure out how to avoid going broke while doing so. Maybe I can get me some of that my economic stimulus money that’s sloshing around these days?

  • Xubuntu Multimedia Keyboard Keys

    I still haven’t figured out why the audio volume & mute keys on my desktop box’s keyboard don’t work, but this process sets ’em up on my Dell Inspiron E1405 laptop… which I just reloaded with Xubuntu / XFCE 4.6 using more-or-less the procedure described starting there, including saving, blowing away, repartitioning, and restoring the Windows partition.

    If the audio mixer icon doesn’t show up on the top XFCE panel, other-click the panel -> Add New Items -> Mixer to get it there.

    Then do System Settings -> Keyboard -> Layout. Verify that you’re using the default system keyboard layout, as that’s what I’m doing on the laptop and it works. The desktop, now, that’s another matter; I think having two X sessions confuses it mightily.

    Then click the Application Shortcuts tab, click Add, and type in each of these…

    • amixer sset Master 10%+
    • amixer sset Master 10%-
    • amixer sset Master toggle

    For each command, click OK after typing. You’ll get another pop-up, at which point you press the corresponding volume / mute key.

    Note that the Master keyword is case-sensitive and may be something entirely different on your box. Use amixer to find out what you should be typing, thusly:

    amixer
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 31
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 27 [87%] [-6.00dB] [on]
  Front Right: Playback 27 [87%] [-6.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
  Capabilities: pvolume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 255
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 245 [96%] [-2.00dB]
  Front Right: Playback 245 [96%] [-2.00dB]
... snippage ...

    Shazam: audio control should then Just Work…

    The irony of having to futz around that much before having something Just Work is not lost on me. Really.

  • Xubuntu Install Tweaks: Fine Tuning

    After getting everything installed, there remains some fine tuning. These are some of the jots & tittles & glitches from my installation, in no particular order, which mostly apply to Xubuntu 8.10, but may also have something you need to know.

    Mplayer grumps about not being able to resolve IPV6 addresses. Add prefer-ipv4 = yes to /etc/mplayer/mplayer.config and it’ll be perfectly happy with plain old IPV4. Which is, of course, what essentially everybody uses. It’s not clear to me why Mplayer is the only program to fail this way, but that’s the story and it’s been that way for a long time.

    With compositing turned off, X doesn’t draw some OpenOffice menu & dialog items when it’s running on the right-hand portrait monitor. Turning the compositor on, however, reveals what an utter dud compositing is on a dual-core 2.8 GHz 1 GB box with an nVidia-flavored 9400 dual-head board. So turn compositing on, dial main windows back to opaque, allow shadows & transparency foo-foos only on small windows, and it’s pretty much bearable.

    But then the every pop-up window or dialog box displays weird trash from deep in the display buffer: icons, chunks of other apps, pure raw pinball panic, it all flashes before my eyes.

    Something in the X infrastructure interacts badly with the Mouse Gestures Redox Firefox add-on, but only on the left landscape monitor. Attempting a right-click-swipe-left to return to the previous page plunks a copy of the display that’s as wide as the portrait monitor on the left side of the landscape monitor, overlaying the live display beneath it. Minimize, restore, and the overlay is now dead black. The only way to get rid of it is to restart Firefox.

    Just exactly who do I file that bug with? The gestures extension? Firefox? Xubuntu? FXCE? X.org? Replacing it with FireGestures seems to work OK.

    The local CUPS server won’t display printers from the file server downstairs. Fix that by browsing to http://localhost:631, clicking the Administration tab, checking the Show printers shared by other systems box, and click Change Settings. Go brew up some tea or check your news feed; when you get back, all the network printers should appear when you click the Printers tab.

    Microsoft seems to have changed the definition of their keyboards such that the volume keys on a “Microsoft Comfort Curve Keyboard 2000 V1.0” don’t quite match the stock X layouts for MS multimedia keyboards, although msprousb seems close. More study is indicated. It’s not obvious how to link the keystrokes to the stock mixer, either.

    You can have only one mixer in the panel, aimed at one audio device, so adjusting a USB phone / headset will require some fiddling. A drop-down menu on the mixer main window permits setting other devices, but not from the panel.

    You can’t have menu / status panels on both monitors; you can only put either one on either monitor. Similarly, desktop icons must appear on both monitors; I think that’s ugly. So the only way to start programs on the “other” monitor is to either have duplicated icons or configure the Desktop settings to show the app menu on right-clicks, then scroll through it every time.

    Ctrl-Fnkey swaps workspaces; it’s even easier than point-and-clicking. Alas, you must have the same number of desktops on both screens and corresponding workspaces share the same name. All workspaces on a given monitor must have the same backdrop, so you can’t tell which one you’re on if there’s no program active: mouse-wheel scrolling gives you no hint which workspace you’re on.

    Alt-Tab clicks between active programs on the current monitor and sorts the programs in MRU order. Once you get used to it, you’ll love it.

    All in all, it does what I need.

  • Separate X Sessions Do Not Work in Kubuntu 8.10

    I sent this in as a bug to Launchpad, where it became Bug 337777 (not octal, BTW) and was marked as a duplicate of Bug 192413. It’s been triaged as Low priority, so I think my days of using KDE are, alas, pretty much finished.

    Herewith, the straight dope, just in case you were thinking of doing the same thing.

    ————-

    In Kubuntu 7.04, I managed to manually configure separate X sessions using two nVidia video cards driving two monitors. The setup involves a 1600×1200 landscape monitor on the left and a 1680×1050 monitor rotated 90 degrees CCW on the right.

    In Kubuntu 7.10, this worked reasonably well.

    In Kubuntu 8.04 / KDE3, this works poorly. X seems to regard the right-hand monitor as being 1600 (1680?) x 1200, so all windows maximize incorrectly and “centered” dialogs appear off-center to the upper right on that screen. I installed an nVidia-based dual-head card in the hopes that it would work better, but that made no difference. The setup is usable (I’m using it now), but not desirable.

    The automatic configuration tools fall flat on their face: any attempt to use the standard KDE display tools pooches xorg.conf. I must carefully tweak xorg.conf to keep this setup working in the face of any X changes.

    In Kubuntu 8.10 / KDE4.2, this configuration flat-out doesn’t work. After considerable manual fiddling, I got a blank X session on the right with the default X cursor and a black background; the mouse pointer moves from one screen to the other, but that’s as good as it gets. The left screen works more-or-less normally, but with some weirdnesses. Diligent searching reveals this is the common endpoint for all folks attempting this configuration: KDE4 simply doesn’t support separate X sessions.

    I do not want Twinview / Xinerama (which also work poorly for this configuration), because I typically edit a single document in portrait mode on the right screen while flipping between circuit simulators / web browsers / PDF documents / PCB layout editors on the left screen. A single X session using two screens does not support that functionality; particularly in KDE4 which seems to lack the advanced window positioning controls of KDE3.

    Because KDE4 is mandatory with 8.10, I can’t downgrade to KDE3, which might work.

    Although KDE4 seems to be the future, it would be immensely more usable if it didn’t introduce serious regressions from previous functionality. I will gladly trade off all the Plasmoid foo-foos and Compiz go-fast-stripes to get stable X capabilities that work the same way as 7.04.

    The to-be-expected alpha-version issues in 9.04 prevent me from even installing it at this point, so I cannot say whether it’s an improvement or not. From what I read in the forums, things do not look promising.

    Perhaps this is less of a “bug report” and more of a plea for stability: please, first make KDE4 *work*, then make it pretty!

    ————-

    For what it’s worth, I installed Xubuntu in that partition, added one line (Option “Rotate” “CCW”) to xorg.conf, and It Just Worked. XFCE is a bit lacking in creature comforts, but it works in this configuration. I think I can get used to that.