The Smell of Molten Projects in the Morning

Ed Nisley's Blog: Shop notes, electronics, firmware, machinery, 3D printing, laser cuttery, and curiosities. Contents: 100% human thinking, 0% AI slop.

The New Hotness

  • Vacuum Tube LEDs: Ersatz Heat Sink Plate Cap

    I wanted a slightly larger “plate cap” to fit a big incandescent bulb and it seemed a fake heatsink might add gravitas to the proceedings:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - large incandescent bulb
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – large incandescent bulb

    Yeah, that antique ceramic socket holds the bulb at a rakish angle. Worse, even though I painstakingly laid out the position of the heatsink atop the bulb, it’s visibly off-center. Which wouldn’t be so bad, had I not epoxied the damn thing in place.

    After reaming out the M2’s filament drive, the entire blue base printed without incident.

    A closer look at the cap:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - ersatz heatsink plate cap
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – ersatz heatsink plate cap

    Memo to Self: Next time, line it up with the vertical glass support inside the bulb and ignore the external evidence.

    The boss has a hole for the braid-enclosed cable to the knockoff Neopixel:

    Vacuum Tube Lights - finned cap - Slic3r preview
    Vacuum Tube Lights – finned cap – Slic3r preview

    The cupped surface perfectly fits the bulb’s 3.75 inch diameter. While you wouldn’t mill out a real heatsink, it definitely looks better this way and (alas) gives the epoxy more footprint for a better grip.

    I built the fins with a 1/8 inch cutter in mind, so the fin root radius allows for a G3/G3 arc without gouging. I doubt machining a fake heatsink from aluminum makes any sense, but the cheap extruded heatsinks on eBay don’t look very good. Plus, they sport completely unnecessary tapped holes for LED mounts and suchlike.

    A cross-section shows the wiring channel and cable entry:

    Vacuum Tube Lights - fin cap solid model - section
    Vacuum Tube Lights – fin cap solid model – section

    I epoxied the Neopixel in place, applied double-sided carpet tape to the whole thing, then painstakingly trimmed around the fins with an Xacto knife:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - Ersatz Heatsink plate cap - tape
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – Ersatz Heatsink plate cap – tape

    That looked better from the top side (where it was completely hidden) and came heartbreakingly close to working, but after about a day the cable + braid put enough torque on the cap to peel it off the bulb. Obviously, the tape holds much less enthusiastically after that.

    Part of the problem came from the cable’s rather sharp angle just outside the cap:

    Vacuum Tube LEDs - Ersatz Heatink plate cap - detail
    Vacuum Tube LEDs – Ersatz Heatink plate cap – detail

    Rakish angle, indeed. Two of ’em, in fact.

    Unlike the smaller cap on the halogen bulb, this time I didn’t bother with a brass tube ferrule, mostly to see how it looks. I think it came out OK and the black braid looks striking in person. Conversely, a touch of brass never detracts from the appearance.

    Obviously, the cable wasn’t long enough, either. Part of that problem came from underestimating the braid length: it shortens dramatically when slipped over the cable, even when you expect shortening. Somehow I managed to overlook that, despite cutting the cable quite long enough, thankyouverymuch. There’s a tradeoff between gentle angles and having the cable stick out too far for comfort.

    Memo to Self: Use a cable at least four inches longer than necessary, measure the combined cable + braid assembly after screwing the bulb in the socket, and don’t epoxy anything before all the parts are ready for assembly.

    That’s why it’s a prototype made out of blue PETG…

    Protip: running old ceramic sockets through the dishwasher greatly simplifies their subsequent cleanup.

    All in all, I like it.

    The OpenSCAD source code as a GitHub gist:

    // Vacuum Tube LED Lights
    // Ed Nisley KE4ZNU January 2016
    Layout = "FinCap"; // Cap LampBase USBPort Socket(s) (Build)FinCap
    Section = true; // cross-section the object
    Support = true;
    //- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
    ThreadThick = 0.25;
    ThreadWidth = 0.40;
    HoleWindage = 0.2;
    Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
    inch = 25.4;
    function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
    //———————-
    // Dimensions
    // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_socket#Summary_of_Base_Details
    T_NAME = 0; // common name
    T_NUMPINS = 1; // total, with no allowance for keying
    T_PINBCD = 2; // tube pin circle diameter
    T_PINOD = 3; // … diameter
    T_PINLEN = 4; // … length (overestimate)
    T_HOLEOD = 5; // nominal panel hole from various sources
    T_PUNCHOD = 6; // panel hole optimized for inch-size Greenlee punches
    T_TUBEOD = 7; // envelope or base diameter
    T_PIPEOD = 8; // light pipe from LED to tube base
    T_SCREWOC = 9; // mounting screw holes
    // Name pins BCD dia length hole punch env pipe screw
    TubeData = [
    ["Mini7", 8, 9.53, 1.016, 7.0, 16.0, 11/16 * inch, 18.0, 5.0, 22.5],
    ["Octal", 8, 17.45, 2.36, 10.0, 36.2, (8 + 1)/8 * inch, 32.0, 11.5, 39.0],
    ["Noval", 10, 11.89, 1.1016, 7.0, 22.0, 7/8 * inch, 21.0, 5.0, 28.0],
    ["Duodecar", 13, 19.10, 1.05, 9.0, 32.0, 1.25 * inch, 38.0, 12.5, 39.0],
    ];
    ID = 0;
    OD = 1;
    LENGTH = 2;
    Pixel = [7.0,10.0,3.0]; // ID = contact patch, OD = PCB dia, LENGTH = overall thickness
    Nut = [3.5,8.0,3.0]; // socket mounting nut recess
    BaseShim = 2*ThreadThick; // between pin holes and pixel top
    SocketFlange = 2.0; // rim around socket below punchout
    PanelThick = 2.0; // socket extension through punchout
    //———————-
    // Useful routines
    module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
    Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
    FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
    cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,h=Height,$fn=Sides);
    }
    //———————-
    // Tube cap
    CapTube = [4.0,3/16 * inch,10.0]; // brass tube for flying lead to cap LED
    CapSize = [Pixel[ID],(Pixel[OD] + 3.0),(CapTube[OD] + 2*Pixel[LENGTH])];
    CapSides = 6*4;
    module Cap() {
    difference() {
    union() {
    cylinder(d=CapSize[OD],h=(CapSize[LENGTH]),$fn=CapSides); // main cap body
    translate([0,0,CapSize[LENGTH]]) // rounded top
    scale([1.0,1.0,0.65])
    sphere(d=CapSize[OD]/cos(180/CapSides),$fn=CapSides); // cos() fixes slight undersize vs cylinder
    cylinder(d1=(CapSize[OD] + 2*3*ThreadWidth),d2=CapSize[OD],h=1.5*Pixel[LENGTH],$fn=CapSides); // skirt
    }
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // bore for wiring to LED
    PolyCyl(CapSize[ID],(CapSize[LENGTH] + 3*ThreadThick + Protrusion),CapSides);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // PCB recess with clearance for tube dome
    PolyCyl(Pixel[OD],(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),CapSides);
    translate([0,0,(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] – Protrusion)]) // small step + cone to retain PCB
    cylinder(d1=(Pixel[OD]/cos(180/CapSides)),d2=Pixel[ID],h=(Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),$fn=CapSides);
    translate([0,0,(CapSize[LENGTH] – CapTube[OD]/(2*cos(180/8)))]) // hole for brass tube holding wire loom
    rotate([90,0,0]) rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(CapTube[OD],CapSize[OD],8);
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Heatsink tube cap
    CableOD = 3.5; // cable + braid diameter
    BulbOD = 3.75 * inch; // bulb OD; use 10 inches for flat
    FinCutterOD = 1/8 * inch;
    echo(str("Fin Cutter: ",FinCutterOD));
    FinSides = 2*4;
    FinCapSize = [(Pixel[OD] + 2*FinCutterOD),30.0,(10.0 + 2*Pixel[LENGTH])];
    BulbRadius = BulbOD / 2;
    BulbDepth = BulbRadius – sqrt(pow(BulbRadius,2) – pow(FinCapSize[OD],2)/4);
    echo(str("Bulb OD: ",BulbOD," recess: ",BulbDepth));
    module FinCap() {
    NumFins = floor(PI*FinCapSize[ID] / (2*FinCutterOD));
    FinAngle = 360 / NumFins;
    echo(str("NumFins: ",NumFins," angle: ",FinAngle," deg"));
    difference() {
    union() {
    cylinder(d=FinCapSize[ID],h=FinCapSize[LENGTH],$fn=2*NumFins); // main body
    for (i = [0:NumFins – 1]) // fins
    rotate(i * FinAngle)
    hull() {
    translate([FinCapSize[ID]/2,0,0])
    rotate(180/FinSides)
    cylinder(d=FinCutterOD,h=FinCapSize[LENGTH],$fn=FinSides);
    translate([(FinCapSize[OD] – FinCutterOD)/2,0,0])
    rotate(180/FinSides)
    cylinder(d=FinCutterOD,h=FinCapSize[LENGTH],$fn=FinSides);
    }
    rotate(FinAngle/2) // cable entry boss
    translate([FinCapSize[ID]/2,0,FinCapSize[LENGTH]/2])
    cube([FinCapSize[OD]/4,FinCapSize[OD]/4,FinCapSize[LENGTH]],center=true);
    }
    for (i = [1:NumFins – 1]) // fin inner gullets, omit cable entry side
    rotate(i * FinAngle + FinAngle/2) // joint isn't quite perfect, but OK
    translate([FinCapSize[ID]/2,0,-Protrusion])
    rotate(0*180/FinSides)
    cylinder(d=FinCutterOD/cos(180/FinSides),h=(FinCapSize[LENGTH] + 2*Protrusion),$fn=FinSides);
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) // PCB recess
    PolyCyl(Pixel[OD],(1.5*Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),FinSides);
    PolyCyl(Pixel[ID],(FinCapSize[LENGTH] – 3*ThreadThick),FinSides); // bore for LED wiring
    translate([0,0,(FinCapSize[LENGTH] – 3*ThreadThick – 2*CableOD/(2*cos(180/8)))]) // cable inlet
    rotate(FinAngle/2) rotate([0,90,0]) rotate(180/8)
    PolyCyl(CableOD,FinCapSize[OD],8);
    if (BulbOD <= 10.0 * inch) // curve for top of bulb
    translate([0,0,-(BulbRadius – BulbDepth + 2*ThreadThick)]) // … slightly flatten tips
    sphere(d=BulbOD,$fn=16*FinSides);
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Aperture for USB-to-serial adapter snout
    // These are all magic numbers, of course
    module USBPort() {
    translate([0,28.0])
    rotate([90,0,0])
    linear_extrude(height=28.0)
    polygon(points=[
    [0,0],
    [8.0,0],
    [8.0,4.0],
    // [4.0,4.0],
    [4.0,6.5],
    [-4.0,6.5],
    // [-4.0,4.0],
    [-8.0,4.0],
    [-8.0,0],
    ]);
    }
    //———————-
    // Box for Leviton ceramic lamp base
    module LampBase() {
    Bottom = 3.0;
    Base = [4.0*inch,4.5*inch,20.0 + Bottom];
    Sides = 12*4;
    Retainer = [3.5,11.0,1.0]; // flat fiber washer holding lamp base screws in place
    StudSides = 8;
    StudOC = 3.5 * inch;
    Stud = [0.107 * inch, // 6-32 mounting screws
    min(15.0,1.5*(Base[ID] – StudOC)/cos(180/StudSides)), // OD = big enough to merge with walls
    (Base[LENGTH] – Retainer[LENGTH])]; // leave room for retainer
    union() {
    difference() {
    rotate(180/Sides)
    cylinder(d=Base[OD],h=Base[LENGTH],$fn=Sides);
    rotate(180/Sides)
    translate([0,0,Bottom])
    cylinder(d=Base[ID],h=Base[LENGTH],$fn=Sides);
    translate([0,-Base[OD]/2,Bottom + 1.2]) // mount on double-sided foam tape
    rotate(0)
    USBPort();
    }
    for (i = [-1,1])
    translate([i*StudOC/2,0,0])
    rotate(180/StudSides)
    difference() {
    # cylinder(d=Stud[OD],h=Stud[LENGTH],$fn=StudSides);
    translate([0,0,Bottom])
    PolyCyl(Stud[ID],(Stud[LENGTH] – (Bottom – Protrusion)),6);
    }
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Tube Socket
    module Socket(Name = "Mini7") {
    NumSides = 6*4;
    Tube = search([Name],TubeData,1,0)[0];
    echo(str("Building ",TubeData[Tube][0]," socket"));
    echo(str(" Punch: ",TubeData[ID][T_PUNCHOD]," mm = ",TubeData[ID][T_PUNCHOD]/inch," inch"));
    echo(str(" Screws: ",TubeData[ID][T_SCREWOC]," mm =",TubeData[ID][T_SCREWOC]/inch," inch OC"));
    OAH = Pixel[LENGTH] + BaseShim + TubeData[Tube][T_PINLEN];
    BaseHeight = OAH – PanelThick;
    difference() {
    union() {
    linear_extrude(height=BaseHeight)
    hull() {
    circle(d=(TubeData[Tube][T_PUNCHOD] + 2*SocketFlange),$fn=NumSides);
    for (i=[-1,1])
    translate([i*TubeData[Tube][T_SCREWOC]/2,0])
    circle(d=2*Nut[OD],$fn=NumSides);
    }
    cylinder(d=TubeData[Tube][T_PUNCHOD],h=OAH,$fn=NumSides);
    }
    for (i=[0:(TubeData[Tube][T_NUMPINS] – 1)]) // tube pins
    rotate(i*360/TubeData[Tube][T_NUMPINS])
    translate([TubeData[Tube][T_PINBCD]/2,0,(OAH – TubeData[Tube][T_PINLEN])])
    rotate(180/4)
    PolyCyl(TubeData[Tube][T_PINOD],(TubeData[Tube][T_PINLEN] + Protrusion),4);
    for (i=[-1,1]) // mounting screw holes & nut traps
    translate([i*TubeData[Tube][T_SCREWOC]/2,0,-Protrusion]) {
    PolyCyl(Nut[OD],(Nut[LENGTH] + Protrusion),6);
    PolyCyl(Nut[ID],(OAH + 2*Protrusion),6);
    }
    translate([0,0,-Protrusion]) { // LED recess
    PolyCyl(Pixel[OD],(Pixel[LENGTH] + Protrusion),8);
    }
    translate([0,0,(Pixel[LENGTH] – Protrusion)]) { // light pipe
    rotate(180/TubeData[Tube][T_NUMPINS])
    PolyCyl(TubeData[Tube][T_PIPEOD],(OAH + 2*Protrusion),TubeData[Tube][T_NUMPINS]);
    }
    }
    // Totally ad-hoc support structures …
    if (Support) {
    color("Yellow") {
    for (i=[-1,1]) // nut traps
    translate([i*TubeData[Tube][T_SCREWOC]/2,0,(Nut[LENGTH] – ThreadThick)/2])
    for (a=[0:5])
    rotate(a*30 + 15)
    cube([2*ThreadWidth,0.9*Nut[OD],(Nut[LENGTH] – ThreadThick)],center=true);
    if (Pixel[OD] > TubeData[Tube][T_PIPEOD]) // support pipe only if needed
    translate([0,0,(Pixel[LENGTH] – ThreadThick)/2])
    for (a=[0:7])
    rotate(a*22.5)
    cube([2*ThreadWidth,0.9*Pixel[OD],(Pixel[LENGTH] – ThreadThick)],center=true);
    }
    }
    }
    //———————-
    // Build it
    if (Layout == "Cap") {
    if (Section)
    difference() {
    Cap();
    translate([-CapSize[OD],0,CapSize[LENGTH]])
    cube([2*CapSize[OD],2*CapSize[OD],3*CapSize[LENGTH]],center=true);
    }
    else
    Cap();
    }
    if (Layout == "FinCap") {
    if (Section) render(convexity=5)
    difference() {
    FinCap();
    // translate([0,-FinCapSize[OD],FinCapSize[LENGTH]])
    // cube([2*FinCapSize[OD],2*FinCapSize[OD],3*FinCapSize[LENGTH]],center=true);
    translate([-FinCapSize[OD],0,FinCapSize[LENGTH]])
    cube([2*FinCapSize[OD],2*FinCapSize[OD],3*FinCapSize[LENGTH]],center=true);
    }
    else
    FinCap();
    }
    if (Layout == "BuildFinCap")
    translate([0,0,FinCapSize[LENGTH]])
    rotate([180,0,0])
    FinCap();
    if (Layout == "LampBase")
    LampBase();
    if (Layout == "USBPort")
    USBPort();
    if (Layout == "Socket")
    if (Section) {
    difference() {
    Socket();
    translate([-100/2,0,-Protrusion])
    cube([100,50,50],center=false);
    }
    }
    else
    Socket();
    if (Layout == "Sockets") {
    translate([0,50,0])
    Socket("Mini7");
    translate([0,20,0])
    Socket("Octal");
    translate([0,-15,0])
    Socket("Duodecar");
    translate([0,-50,0])
    Socket("Noval");
    }